Fiber njamndi e nder tunnel Shotcrete: Rebond, Ƴellitaare semmbe e woɗɗude nofru

Ayaare

Ñalnde 15 lewru juko hitaande 2014

Shotcrete ko ngam ƴellitde semmbe, wonaa semmbe ɓuuɓɗo. Ndeen feere wootere ina hollita ko waɗi golle tunnel ina kuutoroo fiɓnde juutnde, doseeji toowɗi e ɓuuɓri koolaaɗo.

Ko Shotcrete Haani Ko Ƴellitaare Semmbe, Wonaa Doole

Ballal tunnel adanngal ina rewi e logic ceertuɗo e mbaydiiji dowri. So leydi ndii ina ɓuuɓtoo, laral ɓuuɓngal ngal ina foti ɓuuɓde e maggal tawa ina ɓuuɓtoo ɗoon e ɗoon, ko ɗuum waɗi parametru diisnondiral ko no semmbe laral ngal mooftirta e deflection dottaande. Golle Orop ina kollita semmbe heddiiɓe walla ƴellitaare semmbe e jarribo haa EN 14488-3 ; Golle Amerik worgo ina keewi golloraade tiiɗnaare flexural. Ko ɗoo fiɓnde njamndi dañi nokku mum : beton ɓuuɓɗo (shotcrete) laaɓɗo oo ina waasa mbaawka mum e sahaa nde ɓuuɓtii ndee, tawi noon laral fiɓnde tiiɗtinaangal ina jogoo feccere mawnde e mbaawka mum caggal nde ɓuuɓtii, ko ɗum soodata waktu ngam yaltinde e ɓeydude ballal.

Rebound: Fiber ɓurɗo juutde ina rewta ko ɓuri

Rebound ko nokku coggu suuɗiiɗo e beton. Kaɓirgal ngal ɓuuɓnataa ina fadi caggal, tee shotcrete laaɓɗo ina heewi ruttaade 15% haa 25% ; fiɓnde ina ɓeyda ɗum seeɗa sabu fiɓnde ina ɓuuɓtoo e nofru. Njuuteeki ko waylowaylo ɓurngo teeŋtude : fiɓnde 30 mm ina rewna no feewi ko ɓuri 20 mm. Ko ɗum waɗi golle tunnel ina famɗi ɗo kuutortoo fiɓnde 50 walla 60 mm, hay so tawii noon fiɓnde ɓurnde juutde ina ɓuri moƴƴude e miijo. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ko 20 haa 30 mm e njaajeendi ɓadiiɗo 0,55 mm, ko noon fiɓnde ndee rewirta e ɓuuɓol henndu e nder weeyo.

20-30 mm Ko Njuuteeki Golle ngam Wet Mix

Wet mix ina haɗa fibre njuuteendi ko ɓuri dry mix. Kaɓirgal ɓuuɓngal ngal ina pompiree rewrude e laana, ko noon juutɗe fibre ponte e bolokaaji e bends ; to nofru ina foti saaktude henndu ɓuuɓndu. 20 haa 30 mm ina haani e ko ɓuri heewde e robooji wet-mix, tawa njaajeendi mum en ina waɗi 0,5 haa 0,75 mm, ina rokka njuuteendi 40 haa 55. So tawii ɓuuɓri semmbe toɗɗaandi ndii ina toowi, jaabawol laaɓtungol ngol ko doseeji ɓurɗi heewde, wonaa semmbe ɓurɗo juutdeb : ɓeydude 30 haa 45 kg/m3ound rises tan e dow rises toɓɓe ɗiɗi walla tati e nder teemedere.

25-45 kg/m3 e Kalaasuuji Diisnondiral

Doseeji beton tunnel ina keewi ustaade hakkunde 25 e 45 kg/m3. Range 25 haa 30 ina suddii laabi niɓɓiɗi caggal haayre moƴƴere ; 35 haa 45 ina ɓuuɓna nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓɗi ɓuuɓɗi e taƴe deformaasiyoŋ mawɗe. Dow 45 kg/m3 golle ina ustoo no feewi kadi golloowo oo ina ɓeyda ndiyam, ko ɗum taƴata semmbe no feewi. Ko ɗum woni sabaabu tigi rigi nokkuuji keewɗi ina kaala doseeji keewɗi kono doole ina pamɗi. Doseeji toowɗi ina poti jokkondirde e mbaydiiji ustooji ndiyam e waylude ɓuuɓri, e ƴeewndo slump e cohesion hade fiyde.

Balling: Mode Fayre Shotcrete ɓuri hulde

Ballal fiɓnde e nder laral ɓuri bonde e ko alaa nafoore : ina waɗa ɓuuɓol e dingiral ɓuuɓngal, wonta fuɗɗorde ɓuuɓnde so leydi diwii. Balling ina jogii sabaabuuji tati : ñamminde fiɓnde e junngo e nder mbaydi mbaylaandi, ŋakkeende waktuuji mbaylaandi, e ŋakkeende njuuteendi. Fiber ina foti ɓuuɓneede walla ñamleede e masiŋ doseeji baɗɗiiɗi, e jillondirde yaajnde fotde leƴƴanɗe 30 haa 60 e dow beton laaɓɗo. Bunɗe fiɓnde koolaaɗo ina usta baasal no feewi : rowre ndee ina ñamlee no feewi, koolaaɗo oo ina ɓuuɓtoo, fiɓnde kala ina seernda heen gooto, ina ɓeyda ngootaagu ko ɓuri 40% e fiɓnde loownde ndee. Ko ɗum waɗi robooji wet-mix ɓuri yiɗde ko ɓuuɓri glued.

Gollaade e Mesh e Arches Steel

Fiber njamndi lomtinaani arkeeji njamndi. E nder kalaasuuji leydi IV e V arc ina rokka tiiɗnaare adunaare tawi fiɓnde ina rokka tiiɗnaare e laral ngal e hoore mum ; ɓe mbaɗata ko golle ceertuɗe. Fiber ina waawi noon lomtaade laylaytol ngol e nder laral hee, ittude jolngo, jokkondire e jokkondire golle e ittude boowal caggal laylaytol ngol. Ko ɓuri heewde e jillondiral e nokku oo ko arc njamndi e fibre-reinforcé shotcrete mo alaa mesh. Ina yoɓa ko ɓuri heewde e waylude sifaaji, ɗo mesh waawaa rewde yeeso haayre nde aldaa e njuɓɓudi kono beton fibre ina waawi.

Mix Dry e Mix Wet: To Balle Fibre Peeñata

Rebound woni ko ɓuri laaɓtude e ko hollirta njoɓdi e nder tunnel shotcrete, kadi waylo-waylo mum gadano wonaa fiɓnde kono ko golle. E nder wet mix huunde ndee ina saɗti haa timmi tawa ina pompa e accelerator ina ɓeydee e nofru, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e lumps ko balle fenaande jokkondirɗe e paste ɗe ɓuuɓnata e nder diwgol. Dry mix woni ko rewi heen : ndiyam ina ɓeydee e nofru, ndiyam ina ŋakki, fiɓnde ina moofta e balle goonga e dow mahol hose e to bends, gooto e arooɓe e korona ina acca ɓuuɓri. Suɓo laawol ngol e nder taƴre e teddeendi. Ngam lining duumotooɗo 20 haa 30 mm e kala pass, mix wet ina rokka yiytere ɓurnde moƴƴude uniformité teddeendi ; ngam ballal wakkati, feewnitagol emergency e mbayliigu taƴre abrupt, dry mix adapts ɓuri moƴƴude e jaɓde rebound ɓurɗo toowde. Wet mix ina jogii detaayuuji tati. Njuuteeki fiɓnde fotaani ɓurde tataɓal ɓuuɓol hoɗorde, ko ɗuum waɗi fiɓnde 50 mm e nder hoɗorde 65 mm maa ustoy. Doseeji accelerator ina njokki e seepage e yeeso haayre, ko heewi ina waɗa laral ɓuuɓngal e ko famɗi fof ina addana ɗum sagde, e kala fannu fibre ina woppa golle. Waɗde nofru 1 haa 1,5 m e dow leydi, ɓuuɓna ɗum ; ɓuuɓol gonngol e ŋorol ina jokkondira fiɓnde e ɓuuɓol henndu, ina waɗa dingiral leelngal anisotropik. Jaɓɓugol semmbe ina fotndee e jarribo panneel e nder EN 14488-3, jaɓgol ngol ko nokku gonɗo les njiimaandi (curve) load-deflection wonaa nafoore ɓurnde toowde wootere, nde nanondiral ngal foti hollirde laaɓndal.

Ƴeewte Jaɓgol Tati e Site

Jaɓde fiɓnde shotcrete ina ƴeewa geɗe tati : doseeji, ngootaagu renndo e tiiɗnaare flexural. Doseeji ɗii ƴeewtetee ko e lootgol sample nokku oo e teskaade, e nder ɓeydaare walla ustaare 10% ; yuɓɓo e coring e ƴeewtaade yeeso taƴaaɗo, fotngo hollirde fiɓnde yaajnde no feewi tawa alaa ko fiɓnde mum alaa ; tiiɗnaare e jarribo beam inniraango e nder diisnondiral ngal. Ngam model, diameter, njuuteendi e doseeji wasiyaaji, taƴre tunnel e miniraagal hello peewnugol fiɓnde njamndi ina limta tolnooji e doseeji potɗi, baawɗi jokkondirde to bannge karallaagal.