Steel Fiber le Tunnel Shotcrete: Rebound, Ŋusẽ Xɔxɔ kple Nozzle Adzɔge

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June 15, 2014

Wotrɔ asi le shotcrete ŋu be wòaxɔ ŋusẽ, ke menye be wòate ŋu aƒoe o. Vovototo ɖeka ma ɖe nusita mɔ̃memidɔwɔwɔ zãa ka kpui, agbɔsɔsɔme si sɔ kple babla siwo wotsɔ glue blae la me.

Nusi Shotcrete Hiãe Nye Ŋusẽ Xɔxɔ, Menye Ŋusẽ O

Mɔdodo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu gbãtɔ zɔna ɖe susu vovovo siwo to vovo tso anyigba ƒe xɔtunuwo gbɔ dzi. Ne anyigba la trɔ la, ele be ƒuƒoƒo si wowu ɖe eme la natrɔ kplii tsɔ wu be wòaƒu kpata, eyata aɖaŋu si woatsɔ awɔee nye ŋusẽ agbɔsɔsɔme si ƒuƒoƒoa xɔna le ʋuʋu aɖe si wona me. Europatɔwo ƒe nuwɔna gblɔ ŋusẽ si susɔ alo ŋusẽ ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ kple dodokpɔ ɖe EN 14488-3 dzi; Zi geɖe la, Dziehe Amerika ƒe nuwɔna wɔa dɔ kple flexural toughness. Afi siae gakpo ƒe ka xɔa eƒe nɔƒe le: shotcrete gbadzaa megate ŋu wɔa dɔ le ɣeyiɣi si me wògbã o, gake gakpo si ŋu wodo ŋusẽe la léa eƒe ŋutete ƒe akpa gã aɖe ɖe te le eƒe gbagbã vɔ megbe, si ƒlea ɣeyiɣi be wòadzo le eme eye wòatsɔ akpe ɖe eŋu.

Gbugbɔgadzɔ: Fibre Diditɔ Gbugbɔgadzɔ Geɖe Wu

Rebound nye shotcrete ƒe gazazã ƒe titina ɣaɣla. Nusiwo meléna o la dzea megbe, eye zi geɖe la, shotcrete gbadzaa gagbugbɔna tsoa 15% va ɖo 25%; ka dzina ɖe edzi vie elabena kaawo ƒua du le nugbɔa gbɔ. Didime nye tɔtrɔ si sea veve wu: 30 mm fiber rebounds noticebly more 20 mm. Esia tae mɔ̃memidɔwɔwɔ mezãa ka si ƒe didime nye milimeta 50 alo 60 gbeɖe o kloe, togbɔ be ka didiwo ƒe sekewo nyo wu le nukpɔsusu nu hã. Nugblẽfexexe ŋutɔŋutɔe nye milimeta 20 va ɖo 30 eye eƒe didime gogo milimeta 0.55, eyata ka la kplɔa ya si le sisim ɖo yia yame.

20-30 mm Nye Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Didime na Wet Mix

Wet mix xea mɔ na fiber ƒe didime wu dry mix. Wotoa ka aɖe me tsɔa nusi ƒo tsi la, eyata ka didiwo ƒe tɔdzisasrãwo kple blockwo le afisiwo woƒo wo ɖo; le nugbɔ la, ele be ya si woƒo ɖe enu nakakae. 20 va ɖo 30 mm sɔ na robot siwo wotsɔ tsi tsakae akpa gãtɔ, kple 0.5 va ɖo 0.75 mm ƒe didime, si naa eƒe akpa ƒe sɔsɔme nye 40 va ɖo 55. Ne ŋusẽ ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ si wogblɔ la lolo la, ŋuɖoɖo nyuitɔe nye agbɔsɔsɔme geɖe wu, ke menye ka didi wu o: ne wodo ŋusẽ 30 va ɖo 45 kg/m3 ɖe dzi wu 40% esime rebound dzina ɖe edzi zi eve alo etɔ̃ ko alafa memamã ƒe dzesiwo.

25-45 kg/m3 kple Aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe Klasswo

Zi geɖe la, tunnel shotcrete ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme nɔa 25 va ɖo 45 kg/m3 dome. 25 va ɖo 30 ƒe dometsotsoa xɔa ƒuƒoƒo siwo le sɔsɔm le kpe nyui megbe; 35 va ɖo 45 ƒo nu tso vodada ƒe teƒewo, nutsyɔnu si me goglo o kple deformation ƒe akpa gãwo ŋu. Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ŋutete si wu kilogram 45/m3 dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna wòdzena eye dɔwɔla la tsɔa tsi kpena ɖe eŋu le dzɔdzɔme nu, si ɖea ŋusẽ dzi kpɔtɔna tẽ. Emae nye susu ŋutɔŋutɔ si ta teƒe geɖe gblɔna be atikeawo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme sɔ gake ŋusẽ mele wo ŋu o. Ele be woatsɔ agbɔsɔsɔme si sɔ akpe ɖe tsi si ɖea tsi dzi kpɔtɔna kple esiwo trɔa asi le eƒe ʋeʋẽ ŋu, eye woalé ŋku ɖe alesi wòdze anyi kple eƒe ɖekawɔwɔ ŋu hafi aƒu gbe.

Balling: Dodokpɔ ƒe Nɔnɔme Shotcrete Vɔvɔ̃na Wu

Fiber ball si le ƒuƒoƒoa me vɔ̃ɖi wu viɖemanɔameŋu: ewɔa teƒe aɖe si me do le eye yameʋu si gbɔdzɔ si va zua gbagbãƒe ƒe gɔmedzedze ne anyigba le ʋuʋum. Nu etɔ̃ tae balling tsona: ka si wotsɔa asi ʋlaya la dea nusi wotsɔ tsakaa nu me, ɣeyiɣi si mesɔ gbɔ be woatsɔ atsakae o, kple eƒe akpa ƒe sɔsɔme si gbɔ eme. Ele be woatsɔ mɔ̃ aɖe si woɖo ɖi na atikewo akɔ ka alo ana nuɖuɖui, eye woakekee ɖe enu sɛkɛnd 30 va ɖo 60 ɖe kɔkrit gbadzaa dzi. Ka siwo wotsɔ aŋe blae ɖe afɔkua dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ: wotsɔa nuɖuɖu naa fli la abe nu ɖeka ene, aŋe si me tsi le la lɔ̃na, eye ka ɖesiaɖe ma ɖekaɖeka, si wɔnɛ be ɖekawɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi wu 40% le ka si me mekɔ o dzi. Esia tae robot siwo tsɔa tsi tsakana la lɔ̃a babla siwo wotsɔ aŋe blae ɖo.

Dɔwɔwɔ kple Mesh kple Steel Arches

Ga ƒe ka mexɔna ɖe gakpo ƒe aɖakawo teƒe o. Le anyigba ƒe hatsotso IV kple V me la, aɖaka la naa xexeame katã ƒe sesẽme esime ka la naa sesẽme naa ƒuƒoƒoa ŋutɔ; wowɔa dɔ vovovowo. Gake ka ate ŋu aɖɔli lãgbalẽ si le ƒuƒoƒoa me, si aɖe dɔwɔwɔ si le xɔxlɔ̃, babla kple eɖoɖo ɖe teƒea ɖa eye wòaɖe do siwo le lãgbalẽa megbe ɖa. Nusi bɔ ɖe teƒeae nye gakpo ƒe aɖaka si wotsɔ ka kpe ɖe shotcrete si ŋu wotsɔ ka do ŋusẽe si me mesh aɖeke mele o. Eɖea vi wu le nɔnɔme siwo trɔna me, afisi mesh mate ŋu akplɔ kpe si mesɔ o ɖo gake fiber concrete ya ate ŋu akplɔe ɖo.

Dry Mix kple Wet Mix: Afisi Fiber Balls Dzɔna Le

Rebound nye gazazã ƒe dzesi tẽ wu le tunnel shotcrete me, eye eƒe tɔtrɔ gbãtɔ menye ka la o ke boŋ alesi wowɔa dɔe. Le tsi si wotsɔ tsakae me la, nusi wotsɔ tsakae la kaka keŋkeŋ xoxo esime wole pɔmpim eye wotsɔa nusi naa gasɔa kpena ɖe nugbɔa ŋu, eyata ƒuƒoƒo akpa gãtɔ nyea alakpa bɔl siwo wotsɔa atike léna ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu siwo gbãna ne wole dzodzom. Dry mix nye nusi to vovo na ema: wotsɔa tsi dea nugbɔa me, tsi si le eme la mesɔna o, eye ka ƒoa ƒu zua bɔl vavãwo le hose ƒe gli ŋu kple le afisiwo woƒoe ɖo, eye esiwo va ɖo fiakukua gbɔ dometɔ ɖeka gblẽa teƒe aɖe ɖi. Tia alesi woawɔe tso akpa kple eƒe titrime me. Le xɔmetsovɔ si nɔa anyi ɖaa si ƒe didime nye milimeta 20 va ɖo 30 le mɔzɔzɔ ɖesiaɖe me gome la, tsi ƒe tsakatsaka naa eƒe titrime ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ si nyo wu wòdzena; hena ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu, nuwo ɖɔɖɔɖo kpata kple akpa ƒe tɔtrɔ kpata la, dry mix trɔna ɖe nɔnɔmewo ŋu nyuie wu eye wòxɔa rebound si lolo wu. Wet mix tsɔa nya etɔ̃ tsitotsito. Mele be ka ƒe didime nawu hose ƒe do ƒe akpa etɔ̃lia o, eyata ka si ƒe didime nye milimeta 50 le hose si ƒe didime nye milimeta 65 me axe mɔ. Accelerator ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme kplɔa tsi si sina toa kpea dzi ɖo, ne wosɔ gbɔ akpa nana be ƒuƒoƒoa me gbãna eye ʋɛ akpa nana wòdzena, eye mɔ evea siaa nu la, ka la dzudzɔa dɔwɔwɔ. Na nugbɔa nadidi meta 1 va ɖo 1.5 tso anyigba dzi eye nàwue wòanɔ tsitrenu; angled spray na kaawo sɔ kple ya ƒe sisi eye wòwɔa anisotropic weak plane. Wodzidzea ŋusẽ ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ to dodokpɔ si wowɔ le EN 14488-3 me dzi, eye lɔlɔ̃ ɖe edzi nye teƒe si le agba ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe fli te tsɔ wu be wòanye asixɔxɔ ɖeka si de ŋgɔ wu, si wòle be nubabla la nagblɔ tẽ.

Lɔlɔ̃ Ðe Edzi ƒe Dzeside Etɔ̃ Le Teƒea

Lɔlɔ̃ ɖe shotcrete fiber dzi léa ŋku ɖe nu etɔ̃ ŋu: agbɔsɔsɔme, mama ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ kple flexural toughness. Woléa ŋku ɖe agbɔsɔsɔme si woazã ŋu to teƒea ƒe kpɔɖeŋu aɖe kɔklɔ kple edada me, le 10% ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ alo esi woɖe le eme me; ɖekawɔwɔ to coring kple ŋkuléle ɖe mo si wotso ŋu me, si wòle be wòaɖe ka afia wòkaka sɔsɔe eye ka aɖeke mele eŋu o; sesẽme to beam dodokpɔ si ŋkɔ woyɔ le aɖaŋua me dzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu, didime, didime kple agbɔsɔsɔme si wokafu gome la, mɔ̃memi kple tomenukuƒe ƒe akpa si le gakpo ƒe ka ƒe nuwɔna ƒe axa dzi la yɔa dzesi siwo sɔ kple agbɔsɔsɔme si sɔ, si woate ŋu atsɔ akpe ɖe eŋu tẽ abe mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ ene.