June 15, 2014
Wɔayɛ shotcrete sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛtwetwe ahoɔden, na ɛnyɛ ahoɔden a wɔde mia. Saa nsonsonoe biako pɛ no kyerɛkyerɛ nea enti a tunnel adwuma de fiber ntiantiaa, dodow a ɛkɔ soro ne gluu bundles di dwuma no mu.
Primary tunnel support di ntease soronko akyi wɔ surface structures ho. Sɛ asase no sɛe a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔfa a wɔde petepete so no ne no sɛe sen sɛ ɛbɛbɔ mpofirim, enti design parameter no ne ahoɔden dodow a ɔfa no twetwe wɔ deflection bi a wɔde ama no mu. Europafo adeyɛ kyerɛ ahoɔden a aka anaa ahoɔden a wɔtwetwe a wɔde sɔhwɛ kɔ EN 14488-3; Amerika Atifi fam adeyɛ taa de flexural toughness yɛ adwuma. Eyi ne baabi a dade nhama nya ne gyinabea: shotcrete a ɛnyɛ den no hwere tumi bere a ɛpaapae no, bere a nhama a wɔde ahyɛ mu den no kura ne tumi no fã kɛse so bere a apaapae akyi, na ɛno tɔ bere de tu fi mu na ɛde mmoa ka ho.
Rebound yɛ shotcrete ho ka mfinimfini a ahintaw. Nneɛma a ɛnkyekyere no hwe ase, na shotcrete a ɛnyɛ den taa san 15% kosi 25%; fiber ma ɛyɛ kɛse kakra efisɛ nhama no bɔ wɔ nozzle no so. Ne tenten ne ade a ɛsakra a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara: 30 mm fiber rebounds a ɛda adi sɛ ɛboro mm 20. Ɛno nti na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ tuntum adwuma mfa nhama a ne kɛse yɛ mm 50 anaa 60 nni dwuma da, ɛwom mpo sɛ nhama atenten a wɔde hyɛ mu no ye sen biara wɔ nsusuwii mu de. Nsiesiei a mfaso wɔ so no yɛ mm 20 kosi 30 a ne kɛse bɛyɛ mm 0.55, enti nhama no di mframa a ɛsen no akyi kɔ nsu no ani.
Wet mix siw fiber tenten ano sen dry mix. Wɔde nhama bi mu na ɛde nneɛma a ɛyɛ nsu no fa nhama bi mu, enti nhama atenten a wɔde yɛ abɔnten so ne blocks wɔ benks; wɔ nozzle no so no ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde mframa a wɔahyɛ no den petepete. 20 kosi 30 mm fata robɔt dodow no ara a wɔde afrafra a ɛyɛ nsu, a ne kɛse yɛ mm 0.5 kosi 0.75, na ɛma afã ratio yɛ 40 kosi 55. Sɛ ahoɔden a wɔakyerɛ no yɛ kɛse a, mmuae a ɛteɛ ne dodow a wɔde di dwuma pii, ɛnyɛ fiber a ɛware: sɛ wɔma ahoɔden 30 kosi 45 kg/m3 so a, ɛma ahoɔden a wɔtwe kɔ soro bɛboro 40% bere a rebound no kɔ soro abien anaa abiɛsa pɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 100.
Tunnel shotcrete dodow taa yɛ 25 kosi 45 kg/m3. 25 kosi 30 no kata layers a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ abotan pa akyi so; 35 kosi 45 kata mmeae a mfomso wɔ, kataso a ɛnyɛ den ne deformation afã akɛse. Bɛboro 45 kg/m3 adwumayɛ so tew wɔ ɔkwan a wotumi hu so na nea ɔde di dwuma no fi awosu mu de nsu ka ho, na ɛtwa ahoɔden so tẽẽ. Ɛno ne ade ankasa nti a mmeae pii bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔde dodow a ɛfata ma nanso ahoɔden sua. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde dodow a ɛkɔ soro no ka nneɛma a wɔde afrafra a ɛtew nsu so ne nea ɛsakra nsu a ɛyɛ den ho, na wɔhwɛ sɛnea ɛhwe ase na ɛyɛ biako ansa na wɔapete so.
Fiber ball a ɛwɔ layer no mu no nye sen sɛ mfaso nni so: ɛma baabi a ɛda hɔ kwa ne wimhyɛn a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛbɛyɛ mpaapaemu starter bere a asase no tu no. Balling wɔ nneɛma abiɛsa a ɛde ba: fiber a wɔde nsa kakraa bi ma kɔ afrafrade no mu, bere a ɛdɔɔso a wɔde frafra, ne afã horow a ɛboro so. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde afiri a wɔde ma nnuru a wɔde ma no petepete anaa wɔde ma, na wɔtrɛw afrafra mu simma 30 kosi 60 wɔ kɔnkrit a ɛnyɛ den so. Glued fiber bundles brɛ asiane no ase kɛse: wɔde row no ma sɛ ade biako, gluu a ɛtumi nwura nsuo mu no tew, na fiber biara tetew mu mmiako mmiako, na ɛma biakoyɛ tu mpɔn bɛboro 40% wɔ fiber a ɛyɛ hare so. Ɛno nti na robɔt a wɔde nneɛma afrafra a ɛyɛ nsu no pɛ sɛ wɔde gluu abɔ mu no.
Dade nhama nsi dade apon ananmu. Wɔ asase so adesuakuw IV ne V mu no, arch no ma wiase nyinaa stiffness bere a fiber no ma toughness ma layer no ankasa; wɔyɛ nnwuma ahorow. Nanso, fiber betumi asi ahama a ɛwɔ ɔfa no mu no ananmu, ayi adwuma a ɛsensɛn hɔ, ɛkyekyere na ɛde si hɔ na ayi baabi a ɛda hɔ kwa wɔ ahama no akyi no afi hɔ. Nea wɔtaa ka bom wɔ beae hɔ ne dade arch a wɔde fiber-reinforced shotcrete a enni ahama biara. Ɛsow mfaso kɛse wɔ profile ahorow a ɛsakra mu, baabi a mesh ntumi nni ɔbotan anim a ɛnkɔ so akyi nanso fiber concrete betumi adi akyi.
Rebound yɛ ɛka a ɛkyerɛ tẽẽ sen biara wɔ tunnel shotcrete mu, na nea edi kan a ɛsakra no nyɛ fiber no na mmom ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no. Wɔ wet mix mu no, nneɛma no apete koraa dedaw bere a wɔrebɔ no na wɔde accelerator no ka ho wɔ nozzle no so, enti akuru dodow no ara yɛ atoro bɔɔl a wɔde paste akura mu a ɛpaapae bere a ɛretu no. Dry mix yɛ nea ɛne no bɔ abira: wɔde nsu ka ho wɔ nozzle no so, hydration no nyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, na fiber boaboa ano yɛ nokware bɔɔl wɔ hose fasu no so ne mmeae a wɔabɔ no, na nea ɛba abotiri no so no mu biako gyaw baabi a ɛda hɔ. Paw ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no fi ɔfã ne ne kɛse mu. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wonya nkataso a ɛtra hɔ daa a ɛyɛ mm 20 kosi 30 wɔ bere biara mu a, nsu a wɔde frafra no ma wotumi hu sɛ ne kɛse yɛ pɛ a eye sen biara; sɛ wopɛ bere tiaa mu mmoa, ntɛmpɛ asiesie ne ɔfã nsakrae mpofirim a, dry mix sesa yiye na egye rebound a ɛkorɔn tom. Wet mix kura nsɛm abiɛsa a ɛkɔ akyiri. Ɛnsɛ sɛ nhama tenten boro hose no mu nkyem abiɛsa mu biako, enti nhama a ɛyɛ mm 50 a ɛwɔ hose a ɛyɛ mm 65 mu no besiw kwan. Accelerator dosage di seepage akyi wɔ abotan no anim, dodow ma ɛyɛ brittle layer na kakraa bi ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na ɔkwan biara so no fiber no gyae adwumayɛ. Ma nozzle no nkɔ soro mita 1 kosi 1.5 na fa petepete so tẽẽ; angled spray ma nhama ne mframa a ɛretu no hyia na ɛma anisotropic weak plane ba. Wɔnam panel sɔhwɛ a ɛwɔ EN 14488-3 mu na ɛsusu ahoɔden a wɔtwetwe no, na gye a wɔgye tom no yɛ beaeɛ a ɛwɔ adesoa-deflection curve no ase sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ peak value baako, a ɛsɛ sɛ apam no ka no pefee.
Gye a wogye tom ma shotcrete fiber hwɛ nneɛma abiɛsa: dosage, distribution uniformity ne flexural toughness. Wɔhwɛ dodow a wɔde ma denam beae no nhwɛsode a wɔhohoro ne nea wɔkari so, wɔ 10% a wɔde aka ho anaa wɔayi afi mu mu; biakoyɛ denam coring ne anim a wɔatwa no a wɔbɛhwehwɛ mu, a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛkyerɛ sɛ nhama atrɛw pɛpɛɛpɛ a nhama biara nni mu; toughness denam beam sɔhwɛ a wɔabobɔ din wɔ adwini no mu no so. Sɛ wopɛ nhwɛsoɔ, ne kɛseɛ, ne tenten ne dodoɔ a wɔkamfo kyerɛ a, tunnel ne mining fã a ɛwɔ steel fiber product page no mu no kyerɛw grades ne dosage a ɛne no hyia, a wɔbɛtumi de abata ho tẽẽ sɛ mfiridwuma mu nkaeɛ.
Ka wo project scenario ne ahwehwɛdeɛ kyerɛ yɛn, na yɛbɛma ano aduru a ɛfata no ahyia na yɛde quote ama wɔ nnɔnhwereɛ 24 ntam.
Nya Quote a Wɔde Ma KwaKɔbere-plated microwire, awɔw twetwe hook awiei type, glued wɔ row, fam type, 304 / 310S / 446 stainless dade ne melt-twe ɔhyew-resistant fiber, UHPC soronko synthetic fiber, diameter 0.2 kosi 1.0 mm, tenten 6 kosi 60 mm, tensile ahoɔden 700 kosi 2850 MPa, emu nsɛm coverage 0.5% kɔsi 2% volume rate ne 30 kɔsi 268 kg/m3. Wobetumi ayɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔbɛyɛ no sɛnea ASTM A820 anaa EN 14889-1 kyerɛ na wobetumi de batch inspection amanneɛbɔ ama. Wɔboa nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma ahorow abiɛsa: nnaka, ton bag ne bulk. Aguadi ho nsɛm yɛ nea wobetumi apaw EXW / FOB / CIF / DDP.
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