Fibre nɛgɛma min bɛ Tunnel Shotcrete kɔnɔ: Rebound, Energy Absorption ani Nozzle Distance

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Zuwɛnkalo tile 15, san 2014

Shotcrete dabɔra fanga minɛni kama, a ma dabɔ fanga degun kama. O danfara kelen in b’a ɲɛfɔ mun na tunɛri baara bɛ baara kɛ ni fibre surun ye, a tata hakɛ caman ani a bɛ kɛ ni bɔrɔw ye minnu sirilen don.

Shotcrete mago bɛ min na, o ye fanga tali ye, fanga tɛ

Tunnel dɛmɛni fɔlɔ bɛ tugu hakilina wɛrɛw kɔ ni dugukolo sanfɛla jɔli ye. Ni dugukolo bɛ bɔgɔbɔgɔ, fiyɛlilan ka kan ka bɔgɔbɔgɔ n’a ye sanni a ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ yɔrɔnin kelen, o la, dilancogo paramɛtiri ye layini bɛ fanga hakɛ min minɛ jiginni dilen dɔ la. Erɔpu walew bɛ fanga tolen walima fanga minɛcogo ɲɛfɔ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye ka se EN 14488-3 ma; A ka c’a la, Ameriki woroduguyanfan wale bɛ baara kɛ ni flexural toughness ye. Nin yɔrɔ in de la nɛgɛdaga bɛ a jɔyɔrɔ sɔrɔ : marifakisɛ gansan bɛ se ka bɔnɛ a la waati min na a karilen don, k’a sɔrɔ fiyɛri barikama bɛ a seko tilayɔrɔba dɔ mara a karilen kɔfɛ, o min bɛ waati san ka bɔ yen ani ka dɛmɛ fara a kan.

Rebound: Fibre jan bɛ segin ka bɔ ka caya

Rebound ye shocrete musaka cɛmancɛ dogolen ye. Fɛn min tɛ nɔrɔ, o bɛ bin kɔfɛ, wa a ka c’a la, shotcrete gansan bɛ segin ka bɔ 15% fo 25%; fiɲɛ bɛ dɔ fara a kan dɔɔni barisa fiɲɛw bɛ panpan a da la. Janya ye fɛn ye min bɛ fɛn caman sɛgɛsɛgɛ: milimɛtɛrɛ 30 fiɲɛ bɛ segin ka bɔ a nɔ na k’a kɔlɔsi ka tɛmɛ milimɛtɛrɛ 20 kan. O de y’a to tunnel baara tɛ baara kɛ ni milimɛtɛrɛ 50 walima 60 fibre ye abada, hali ni fibre janw bɛ ankɔri kɛ ka ɲɛ teori la. Bɛnkansɛbɛn waleyali ye milimɛtɛrɛ 20 fo 30 ye ni a cɛmancɛ bɛ milimɛtɛrɛ 0,55 kɛrɛfɛ, o la, fiɲɛ bɛ tugu fiɲɛ na ka don dugukolo sanfɛla la.

20-30 mm ye Baara janya ye min bɛ kɛ ka ɲagami jilama kɛ

Misiri ɲiginnen bɛ fiɲɛ janya dantigɛ ka tɛmɛ ɲagami jalen kan. Fɛn ɲiginnen bɛ pɔnpe ka tɛmɛ layini dɔ fɛ, o la, fibre bridge janw ni blokiw bɛ kɛ kurulenw na; a dawolo la a ka kan ka jɛnsɛn ni fiɲɛ digilen ye. milimɛtɛrɛ 20 fo 30 bɛ bɛn robo jilama ɲagaminen fanba ma, ni u cɛmancɛ ye milimɛtɛrɛ 0,5 fo 0,75 ye, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka a ɲɛda cogoya di min bɛ se milimɛtɛrɛ 40 ma ka se 55 ma. Ni fanga minɛcogo kofɔlen ka bon, jaabi ɲuman ye a tata hakɛ caman ye, a tɛ fiyɛri janya ye: ka kilogaramu 30 fo 45 kɔrɔta/m3, o bɛ fanga minɛcogo kɔrɔta ni 40% ni kɔ ye ka sɔrɔ ka segin ka wuli fila walima saba dɔrɔn kɛmɛsarada la.

25-45 kg/m3 ani Dilancogo kalanw

A ka ca a la, tunɛri shotcrete hakɛ bɛ jigin kilogaramu 25 ni 45 cɛ m3 kɔnɔ. 25 fo 30 ɲɔgɔnna bɛ nivo layɛrɛw datugu fara ɲuman kɔfɛ; 35 fo 45 bɛ filiyɔrɔw, datugulan jugumanw ani bɔgɔdaga dakunbaw datugu. Baarakɛcogo min bɛ kilogaramu 45 sanfɛ, o bɛ jigin yelen na ani baarakɛla bɛ ji fara a kan a yɛrɛ la, o min bɛ fanga tigɛ k’a ɲɛsin a yɛrɛ ma. O de ye kun yɛrɛyɛrɛ ye yɔrɔ caman bɛ a fɔ ko fura tata hakɛ bɛnnen don nka fanga ka dɔgɔn. A tata hakɛ caman ka kan ka fara ɲɔgɔn kan ni ji dɔgɔyali ni a sɔgɔli caman ye, ani ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ a sɔgɔli ni a jɛli kan sani aw ka a fiyɛ.

Balling: Failure Mode Shotcrete bɛ siran kosɛbɛ

Fibre bolo min bɛ layɛrɛ kɔnɔ, o ka jugu ni nafa tɛ min na: a bɛ yɔrɔ lankolon ni awiyɔn barikama dɔ da min bɛ kɛ kari daminɛfɛn ye ni dugukolo bɛ lamaga. Balling sababu saba bɛ yen: fiyɛri baloli bolo fɛ ka don ɲagamikɛlan kɔnɔ, ɲagami waati bɛrɛ tɛ, ani a ɲɛda hakɛ caya kojugu. Fiyɛri ka kan ka seri walima ka balo ni fura tata hakɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye, ka sɔrɔ ka a ɲagami fo sekɔndi 30 fo 60 bɛton gansan kan. Fiɲɛ sirilenw bɛ dɔ bɔ farati la kosɛbɛ: jiribolo bɛ balo i n’a fɔ fɛn kelen, kola min bɛ se ka ji la, o bɛ wuli, ani fiɲɛ kelen-kelen bɛɛ bɛ faranfasi kelen-kelen, o bɛ kelenya ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ 40% kan fiyɛri lafiyalen kan. O de y’a to robo minnu bɛ ɲagami ji la, olu ka fisa ni bɔrɔw ye minnu sirilen don.

Baara kɛli ni Mesh ani Steel Arches ye

Nɛgɛdaga tɛ nɛgɛberew nɔ na. Dugukolo kalasi IV ni V la, arc bɛ diɲɛ gɛlɛya di ka sɔrɔ fibre bɛ gɛlɛya di layini yɛrɛ ma; u bɛ baara suguya wɛrɛw kɛ. Nka, fiɲɛ bɛ se ka nɛgɛso bila a nɔ na layini kɔnɔ, ka baara minnu sirilen don, ka u siri ani ka u jɔ ani ka yɔrɔ lakolonw bɔ mesɛri kɔfɛ. Fɛn min bɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan tuma caman na yɔrɔ la, o ye nɛgɛbere ye ka fara fibre-reinforced shotcrete kan, ni mesh tɛ a la. A bɛ sara kosɛbɛ profil caman cili la, yɔrɔ min na mesh tɛ se ka tugu fara ɲɛda la min tɛ cogo la nka fibre béton bɛ se ka tugu.

Mise jalen ni ɲagami ɲiginnen: Fibre balls bɛ sɔrɔ yɔrɔ min na

Rebound ye musaka jiralan ye min ɲɛsinnen don kosɛbɛ tunnel shotcrete kɔnɔ, wa a fɛn fɔlɔ min bɛ fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya, o tɛ fibre ye nka a bɛ kɛ cogo min na. Ni ɲagami ɲiginnen na, fɛn in bɛ jɛnsɛn kaban kaban k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ pɔnpe la ani teliyalan bɛ fara a kan da la, o la, kuru fanba ye nkalon bololanɛgɛw ye minnu sirilen don ɲɔgɔn na ni nɔgɔ ye minnu bɛ kari ni u bɛ pan. Jalen ɲagaminen ye a kɔfɛta ye: ji bɛ fara a kan, ji bɛ kɛ a la, a tɛ kɛ kelen ye, wa fiɲɛ bɛ dalajɛ ka kɛ bololanɛgɛ lakikaw ye hose kogo kan ani kurulenw na, ani minnu bɛ se masafugulan na, olu dɔ bɛ yɔrɔ lankolon to. Aw bɛ taabolo sugandi ka bɔ dakun ni a janya la. Walasa ka finimugu banbali sɔrɔ min bɛ se milimɛtɛrɛ 20 fo 30 ma tɛmɛsira kelen na, ɲagami ɲiginnen bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka a janya bɛɛ lajɛlen kɛ cogo ye min ka fisa; walasa ka dɛmɛ don waati dɔɔnin kɔnɔ, ka dilan kɔrɔtɔlen don ani ka yɔrɔ caman caman cili yɔrɔnin kelen, ɲagami jalen bɛ ladamu ka ɲɛ ani ka sɔn ka segin ka caya. Wet mix bɛ taa ni kunnafoni saba ye. Fibre janya man kan ka tɛmɛ bɔgɔdaga tila sabanan kan, o la fibre milimɛtɛrɛ 50 min bɛ milimɛtɛrɛ 65 bɔgɔdaga kɔnɔ, o bɛna bali. Teliyalan hakɛ bɛ tugu ji bɔli kɔ fara ɲɛda la, a caya kojugu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka a kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ kari ani ka dɔgɔya kojugu bɛ a to a ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ, wa a kɛra cogo o cogo, fiɲɛ bɛ baara dabila. Aw bɛ fiyɛlilan to mɛtɛrɛ 1 fo mɛtɛrɛ 1,5 ka bɔ a sanfɛla la ka a fiyɛ ka a jɔ; angled spray bɛ fiɲɛw ni fiɲɛbɔlan bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma ani ka anisotrope barikama plane dɔ dilan. Fanga minɛni bɛ suman ni panɛli sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye EN 14488-3 kɔnɔ, wa sɔnni ye yɔrɔ ye min bɛ doni-yɔrɔ-ko-kɔrɔlen jukɔrɔ sanni ka kɛ a kuncɛ hakɛ kelen ye, min ka kan ka fɔ bɛnkansɛbɛn kɔnɔ k’a jɛya.

Sɔn-ni-sɛgɛsɛgɛli saba kɛra Site kan

Sɔn kɛli shotcrete fibre la, o bɛ fɛn saba lajɛ: a tata hakɛ, a tilali kelen ani a flexural toughness. A tata hakɛ bɛ lajɛ ni yɔrɔ dɔ ko ye ani ka a pese, ka kɛɲɛ ni 10% faralen ye walima ka bɔ a la; kelenya ni ɲɛda tigɛlen kɔri ye ani k’a sɛgɛsɛgɛ, o ka kan ka fiɲɛ jɛnsɛnnen jira cogo kelen na ni fiyɛri tɛ yɔrɔ minnu na; toughness by the beam test min tɔgɔ dara a dilanni na. Walasa ka modɛli, a cɛmancɛ, a janya ani a tata hakɛ fɔlen don, nɛgɛ fiyɛri fura ɲɛ tunɛri ni minɛnko yɔrɔ bɛ danfara ni hakɛw fɔ, minnu bɛ se ka nɔrɔ ɲɔgɔn na k’a kɛ fɛɛrɛko farankan ye.