Gyaran Kwalta don Ƙarƙashin Hanyoyi na Afirka: Zaɓuɓɓukan Fasaha A Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Kuɗi

Labari

Yuni 10, 2020

Sama da kashi 70% na hanyoyin sadarwa na Afirka ba su da girma kuma galibi an shimfida su. Wannan labarin yayi nazarin yadda gyaran kwalta ke haifar da ƙima a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun ƙuntatawa na kula da hanyoyin Afirka.

Haƙiƙanin Hanyar Sadarwar Hanya ta Afirka: 70% Ƙananan Ƙaƙwalwa, Galibi Pad

Hanyar sadarwa ta Afirka tana da nisan sama da kilomita miliyan 3 (ban da China), sama da kashi 70 cikin 100 ana rarraba su a matsayin ƙananan hanyoyi (matsakaicin zirga-zirgar yau da kullun ƙasa da motoci 2,000). Muhimmin fasalin waɗannan hanyoyin shine yawancin an shimfida su - ba don Afirka ta zaɓi kwalta ba, amma saboda ayyukan agaji na tarihi da yanayin lamuni galibi ana ƙayyadaddun hawan kwalta. A yau, wani muhimmin kaso na wadannan lafazin sun kai ga babban tsarin gyaran su: Bankin Raya Afirka ya ba da rahoton cewa kusan kashi 35% na hanyoyin sadarwa a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara na Afirka suna cikin 'talauci' ko kuma 'matukar talauci'. Wannan yana wakiltar babbar buƙata ta kulawa, amma a lokaci guda, kasafin kuɗin tituna a duk faɗin Afirka yana da tsauri a duk duniya - ƙasashen Afirka da ke kudu da hamadar Sahara sun ware matsakaicin kashi 1.5-2.5% na GDP don kula da tituna, ƙasa da yadda duniya ta ba da shawarar 3-4%. A ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan matsalolin kasafin kuɗi, tsarin 'cire da maye gurbin' na gargajiya - cire gaba ɗaya tsohuwar shimfidar da kuma sanya gaurayawar kwalta gaba ɗaya - ba ta da ƙarfi ta tattalin arziki.

Me yasa Farfadowa Ba makawa Bane ga Afirka: Ma'anar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Jari

Dangane da batun kula da hanyoyin Afirka, mahangar darajar gyaran kwalta ta sha bamban da na kasashen da suka ci gaba. A cikin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, sabuntawa ana yin su ne ta hanyar ƙa'idodin carbon da jimlar farashin. A Afirka, manyan direbobin su ne matsalolin musanya na waje da kuma rashin isassun kayan aiki na gida. Na farko, dogaro kan shigo da bitumen - kusan babu wata ƙasar Afirka da ke samar da bitumen, kuma ana shigo da ita duka. Bitumen da ake shigo da shi ba tsada kawai ba (ciki har da kaya da jadawalin kuɗin fito) amma kuma yana fuskantar sauyin canjin kuɗin waje. Yin amfani da sabuntawar RAP na iya rage sabon amfani da bitumen da sama da 60%, kai tsaye yanke kashe kuɗin musayar waje. Na biyu, wadataccen wadatar da ba shi da kwanciyar hankali - Ƙwayoyin ruwa na Afirka sun bambanta da yawa a iya aiki, inganci, da ƙa'idodin muhalli, yayin da tsohuwar jimillar RAP an riga an tabbatar da kayan gida, wanda ba ya shafar sarkar samar da wutar lantarki. Na uku, iyakantaccen ƙarfin fasaha - sassan injiniya a cikin ƙasashen Afirka suna da matakan fasaha marasa daidaituwa, kuma tsarin 3-in-1 (dumi-mix + gyare-gyare + sabuntawa) yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar haɗin gwiwa: ɗan kwangila baya buƙatar ƙara samfuran daban-daban guda uku, rage shingen fasaha. Na hudu, dacewa da tsire-tsire - farfadowa mai dumi-dumi yana buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman kuma ana iya amfani da shi tare da tsire-tsire masu haɗuwa, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire na Afirka waɗanda galibi suna tsufa kuma ba a kula da su ba.

Jiha na yanzu da kwalabe a cikin sake amfani da RAP na Afirka

Sake amfani da RAP na Afirka yana fuskantar ƙalubale na musamman. Na farko, tarwatsa kafofin RAP - ayyukan hanyoyin Afirka galibi ana aiwatar da su ne a cikin sassa, kuma kowane sashin kwangila yana samar da iyakataccen adadin niƙa, yana da wahala a gina madaidaicin wadatar RAP. Sabanin haka, aikin tsaka-tsaki na Amurka ɗaya zai iya samar da dubun dubatan tan na RAP daga fas ɗin niƙa ɗaya. Na biyu, rashin samun darajar RAP - yawancin ƙasashen Afirka ba su kafa tsarin ajiyar RAP masu daraja ba; Abubuwan niƙa daga sassa daban-daban suna haɗe tare, suna haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin abun ciki na bitumen da jimillar ƙima, kai tsaye rage ikon sarrafa kayan haɗin da aka kwato. Na uku, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin fasaha - ƙa'idodin sake amfani da kwalta na Afirka galibi suna kwafin ƙa'idodin Turai ko Amurka ba tare da yin lissafin takamaiman halaye na kayan gida ba. Na hudu, karancin jari - sake amfani da RAP da ajiya yana buƙatar saka hannun jari na gaba (kayan aikin tantancewa, filin ajiya), wanda ƙarin nauyi ne ga sassan hanyoyin Afirka da ke da kasafin kuɗi. A mayar da martani ga wadannan kwalabe, rejuvenator daga FangService an tsara tare da 'ƙananan fasaha shãmaki' falsafar: ruwa maida hankali, famfo kai tsaye ta data kasance ƙari tsarin, bukatar wani musamman ajiya ko dumama kayan aiki.

Shari'ar Fage: Aikin Farfadowar Hanya ta Sakandare a Najeriya

A cikin aikin sake gyara tituna na sakandare a Najeriya, sashen injiniya ya fuskanci wani yanayi na yau da kullun: kasafin kudin ya isa kawai don shimfida kashi 40% na sashin da aka tsara, yayin da maganin hada-hadar zafi na al'ada ya kai kashi 60% akan kasafin kudi. Bayan gabatar da na'urar gyaran kwalta, abun cikin RAP ya kai kashi 55%, yawan zafin jiki ya ragu daga 180°C zuwa 130°C, kuma cikakken farashi ya faɗi da kusan 35%, wanda ya ba da damar kammala dukkan sashe a cikin kasafin kuɗi na asali. Mahimmin bayanai daga wannan harka: na farko, tushen RAP ya kasance shingen kwalta daga ginin 2010, tare da abun ciki na bitumen kusan 5.2%, kuma tsoho shigar bitumen ya ragu daga ainihin 65 dmm zuwa 28 dmm; na biyu, adadin rejuvenator shine kashi 10% na yawan bitumen RAP, kuma an dawo da shigar bayan sake dawowa zuwa 52 dmm (80% na bitumen budurwa); na uku, zaman lafiyar Marshall na cakuduwar ya kai 12.5 kN, wanda ya cika ka'idojin fasaha na Najeriya na hanyoyin biyu. Muhimmancin wannan shari'ar shine ya nuna cewa a ƙarƙashin kasafin kuɗi na Afirka da kuma matsalolin fasaha, sabunta kwalta ba shine 'zabin muhalli mai kyau' ba amma 'mafita kawai ta hanyar kuɗi'.

Daraja ta Musamman na Haɗin Dumi a Afirka: Farashin Mai da Gina Gina

A cikin aikin injiniyan hanyoyin Afirka, ƙimar farfadowar dumama (120-140 ° C) dangane da yanayin zafi (170-190 ° C) ya fi na ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, saboda dalilai uku. Na farko, farashin man fetur - dizal da farashin mai mai nauyi a Afirka yawanci suna sama da matakan kasa da kasa (ciki har da kari bayan cire tallafin), wanda ke sa farashin mai ya zama mafi girma na jimlar farashi, don haka tanadin mai na 30% daga cakuda mai dumi yana ɗaukar nauyin tattalin arziki. Na biyu, ingancin kayan aiki - tsire-tsire masu hadewar Afirka gabaɗaya sun tsufa kuma ba su da inganci, kuma rage yawan zafin jiki yana rage nauyin kayan aiki kai tsaye da ƙimar gazawar. Na uku, tagogin gine-gine - wurare da yawa a Afirka ba za su iya yin aiki a lokacin damina ba, kuma mafi girman taga mai laushi na farfadowa mai dumi (kimanin 30-50% ya fi tsayi fiye da zafi mai zafi) yana nufin za a iya kammala ƙarin aiki a cikin lokacin da aka gina. Bugu da ƙari, sake haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe yana rage hayaki da wari, wanda ke da mahimmaci mai amfani ga kariyar lafiyar ma'aikaci - ƙarƙashin yanayin gine-ginen Afirka, kiyaye lafiyar sana'a galibi abin kulawa ne amma damuwa mai mahimmanci.

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Zurfafa darajar sabunta kwalta a Afirka shine ikonta na canza gyaran hanya daga 'samfurin dogaro da shigo da kaya' zuwa 'samfurin tushen albarkatu na gida'. A karkashin tsarin gargajiya, ainihin kayan aikin kula da hanyoyin Afirka - bitumen da tara - kusan ana shigo da su ko kuma jigilar su ta nesa mai nisa. Wannan yana nufin farashin aikin yana fallasa duka biyun farashin farashin ƙasa da sauyin canjin kuɗi. RAP, akasin haka, kayan gida ne - ya riga ya wanzu akan hanyoyin Afirka kuma yana buƙatar dawo da shi kawai da sarrafa shi. Mai gyaran kwalta shima yana cikin gida sosai: kodayake kayan aikin sa na iya fitowa daga shigo da kaya, ana iya narke shi kuma a sake tattara shi a cikin gida, yana rage girman sufuri da farashi. Darajar wannan sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta zama sananne musamman lokacin da annobar cutar ta barke, takunkumi, da rikice-rikicen yanki na duniya - yayin bala'in COVID-19 na 2020, yawancin ƙasashen Afirka sun fuskanci matsanancin ƙarancin bitumen tare da hauhawar farashin sama da kashi 50%. Idan da waɗannan ƙasashe sun kiyaye manyan kayan RAP da ƙarfin sake haɓakawa, da an rage tasirin rushewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki sosai.

Yanke Shawarar Saye: Mahimman Zaɓan Maɗaukaki don Ayyukan Afirka

Ga masu siye a cikin ayyukan hanyoyin Afirka, zaɓar mai gyara kwalta yana buƙatar la'akari da abubuwa daban-daban da waɗanda ke cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Na farko, kwanciyar hankali na ajiya - Yanayin ɗakunan ajiya na Afirka yawanci matalauta ne (ƙananan zafin jiki, babu kula da zafin jiki), kuma mai sabuntar dole ne ya kiyaye kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin yanayin ajiya mara kyau. The rejuvenator daga FangService sarrafa softening batu bambanci a cikin 2°C bayan 48 hours a 160°C, da nisa wuce da masana'antu da ake bukata na 5°C. Na biyu, dacewa da bitumen na gida - Ƙasashen Afirka suna amfani da bitumen daga wurare daban-daban (ana shigo da su daga kasashe masu samar da man fetur daban-daban), kuma mai gyarawa dole ne ya dace da nau'o'in bitumen daban-daban. Na uku, samun damar tallafin fasaha - Ayyukan Afirka galibi suna rasa kasafin kuɗi don tallafin fasaha na wurin, don haka ikon mai samarwa na ba da tallafin fasaha mai nisa da haɗa taimakon ƙira shine babban abin la'akari. Na huɗu, ƙayyadaddun marufi - ƙananan marufi (misali, ganguna 25 kg) ya fi dacewa a cikin ayyukan Afirka fiye da manyan marufi ( ganguna kilo 1,000, saboda iyakancewar ajiya da yanayin kulawa. Na biyar, farashin farashi da sharuɗɗan biyan kuɗi - Ayyukan Afirka galibi suna takurawa kasafin kuɗi, kuma ikon mai siyarwar yayi la'akari da ƙayyadaddun biyan kuɗi na gida yana da mahimmancin sabis na abokin ciniki. View the Asphalt Rejuvenator Supplier