Efi Prototype so kosi Production so: Checkpoints 4 wɔ Pilot Run mu

Atwerɛ

September 12, 2024

Wɔ nhwɛsode a ɛyɛ adwuma ne adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den ntam no, nsonsonoe bi wɔ hɔ a obiara ntumi nhu. Wimhyɛnkafo mmirikatu bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde nantew atwa so a ne bo nyɛ den sɛnea wobetumi.

Nsonsonoe Bi a Wontumi Nhu Te Nhwɛso ne Nnyigyei Ntam

Nhwɛsode no yɛ adwuma. Ɛhyerɛn, ɛyɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ, na akuw pii fi ase yɛ nhyehyɛe kɛse. Nanso nsonsonoe ankasa da nhwɛsode ne nea wɔyɛ ntam. Nhwɛsode no yɛ mfiridwumayɛfo a ɔde ne nsa paw afã horow na ɔde ahwɛyiye siesie; production yɛ mfiri a ɛretu mmirika akɔ takt bere. Nhwɛsode no yɛ ade biako; nneɛma a wɔyɛ no yɛ mpempem pii a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛne no hyia. Nneɛma a wontumi nsi pi a osuahu a wɔakura mu komm wɔ nhwɛsode fã no san ba kwa bere a adeyɛ no retu mmirika wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ adwuma so no.

Wimhyɛnkafo mmirikatu bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde nantew saa ɔkwan no so de agye sika kakraa bi. Asɛm a ɛsɛ sɛ wokura mu ne sɛ pilot run nyɛ nea wɔyɛ wɔ dodow a wɔatew so. Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtew so ne dodow, na ɛnyɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no. Skip a check na pilot no yɛ rehearsal a wotua ho ka ara kwa ma batch of boards a ebehia sɛ wɔsan yɛ adwuma ɔkwan biara so. Saa mmeae anan a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ ase ha yi ne nnidiso nnidiso a yɛn adwumayɛbea no di ho dwuma ankasa wɔ ahyɛde nketewa mu.

Nhwehwɛmubea Biako: DFM Nhwehwɛmu

Ansa na line no, run manufacturability review. So pad designs no teɛ, ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ wobue stencil apertures no, so component orientations yɛ adamfofa su ma placement, wɔ test points reserved, so there clearance for through-hole parts. Eyinom mu biara gye dɔnhwerew biako sɛ wobesiesie wɔ bere a wɔayɛ no; wɔ line no so no ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ wobebubu board bi, wɔbɛsan atwitwa stencil, anaasɛ wɔbɛpopa batch bi.

DFM botaeɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ design intent ase akɔ process kasa mu. Ɔdebɔneyɛfo no dwen dwumadi ne adwumayɛ ho; nea ɔyɛ adwuma no ho mfiridwumayɛfo no dwen sɛ ebia wobetumi asi no mpɛn pii anaa. Sɛ wɔn baanu no bɔ nkɔmmɔ pɛnkoro a, akyiri yi adwuma pii a wɔsan yɛ no nsi da. Wɔ batches nketewa eyi ho hia kɛse — volume biara nni hɔ a wɔde bɛtew ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ adwuma a wɔyɛ wɔ nhyehyɛe no mu no ho.

Nhwehwɛmubea Abien ne Abiɛsa: Asɛm a Edi Kan ne Nhwehwɛmu a Edi Mu

Board a edi kan a efi line no so no nyɛ kwan a wɔde tu mmirika. First-article inspection di dimensions, solder joints, component references ne polarity, na ɛsi so dua sɛ nnwinnade ne program no wɔ tebea a ɛteɛ mu ansa na wɔayi kɔ so yɛ. Saa anammɔn yi mma batch mũ no nyinaa ntumi nkɔ, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛho ka nyɛ hwee, na ɛfata kɛse.

Ɛno akyi no, nhwehwɛmu yɛ ma sen sɛ wɔbɛfa nhwɛsode. Solder nkwaa nyinaa fa automated optical inspection (AOI), nkwaa a ahintaw te sɛ BGA de X-ray ka ho, ne flying-probe ne dwumadi sɔhwɛ wɔ baabi a ɛho hia. Small-batch orders yɛ price-sensitive, a ɛsɔ nkurɔfo hwɛ sɛ wobebisa sɛ ebia wobetumi agyae sɔhwɛ ahorow — nea ɛne no bɔ abira no yɛ nokware. Batch ketewaa bi nni volume a wɔde screen, enti nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ a wɔkyere nkwaa biako a ɛyɛ nwini no bo yɛ mmerɛw koraa sen adetɔfo biako anwiinwii bere a wɔde amena akyi.

Checkpoint Four: Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔrefi adi ne Loop no a Wɔto mu

Ɔpon a etwa to ne nneɛma a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔde fi adi. Afei aniwa nhwehwɛmu ba OQC, si so dua dodow, labelling, packaging kwan ne random functional sample. Bere koro no ara mu no, nsɛm a wohu wɔ pilot mmirikatu no mu no nya kyerɛw kɔ soro: solder nkwaa bɛn na ɛtaa yɛ nwini, baabi a placement offset tu mmirika kɛse, gyinabea bɛn na ɛyɛ den wɔ takt so — na saa nsɛm a wɔde baa awiei no aduan tẽẽ san kɔ production parameters mu. Sɛ conformal coating, full assembly ne functional test nyinaa si wɔ afifide biako mu a, saa feedback loop no yɛ tiawa; a ɛtrɛw wɔ sotɔɔ ahorow pii mu no, asɛm no ba awiei bere a nkurɔfo no asesa akyi.

Yɛn adwumayɛbea no kɔ so yɛ sampling, batch nketewa ne volume production wɔ adwumayɛbea koro no ara mu, a pilot ne volume a nnipa koro no ara yɛ tia parameters koro no ara. Nea ɛno tɔ nyɛ nneɛma ho ka a ɛba fam, ɛyɛ adeyɛ a enni broken process context — anomaly biara a wohu wɔ pilot no mu bɛyɛ parameter a wonim wɔ production line no so sen amanneɛbɔ a obiara nkenkan.

Sɛnea Pilot Run Data Feeds Volume Production

Checkpoints anan a ɛwɔ pilot run mu — asɛm a edi kan, process parameter window, yield wɔ design no tebea a enye koraa mu, ne operator-level huammɔdi kyerɛwtohɔ — sɛ wɔde data no kɔ anim nkutoo a. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wimhyɛnkafo bi a ɔde pass ba awiei na wɔankyerɛw nɔma biara ntɔɔ hwee. Nneɛma pɔtee a ɛfata sɛ wɔkora so ne reflow profile a wɔde dii dwuma ankasa, solder paste ne nhwehwɛmu gyinapɛn, aba a wɔakyekyɛ mu denam huammɔdi kwan so, ne nhyehyɛe mu nsakrae a wɔahyehyɛ a pilot no kanyan no. Saa nkrataa anan no bɛyɛ kyerɛwtohɔ a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a wɔkra a ɛto so abien ne nea ɛto so abiɛsa no.

Ɔkwan foforo a wɔfa so yɛ no bo yɛ den wɔ ɔkwan bi so a ɛbɛda adi akyiri yi nkutoo. Sɛ profile a wɔakyere agu hama so no nni hɔ a, build a ɛto so abien asram asia home nya set up fi memory na drifts. Sɛ failure-mode breakdown no nni hɔ a, sintɔ a ɛsan ba no te sɛ asɛmmɔne mmom sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ nhwɛso. Yɛde pilot parameters ne yield data ne adwuma no sie, enti ahyɛde a wɔsan yɛ no fi ase fi mfitiaseɛ a wɔakyerɛw so sen sɛ ɛbɛfiri adwumayɛfoɔ no nkaeɛ mu.

Adwene a Ɛwɔ Pilot Run So Ne sɛ Ebedi nkogu Bere a Ne Bo Yɛ Den

Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ wimhyɛnkafo mu no gye mfonini a wɔsan yɛ mu nsakrae ne mfonini a wɔsan yɛ wɔ ne kɛse mu no fã ketewaa bi mmɔho pii. Sɛ saa akontaabu no mu da hɔ pɛ a obiara mmisa sɛ ebia wobetumi ahuru wimhyɛnkafo no anaa. Asɛmmisa ankasa ne coverage: asɛm a edi kan nkutoo, anaasɛ mmirikatu a ɛkɔ so bere tenten a ɛbɛma takt ne yield data aba.

Anyɛ yiye koraa no, tu mmirika kɔ board aduonu kosi aduonum. Mmirikatu tiawa dodo ntumi nna takt haw ahorow adi anaasɛ nkyerɛ sɛ ebia huammɔdi ahorow san ba bio anaa. Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ wɔ mmirikatu no nyinaa mu: asɛm a edi kan kyerɛwtohɔ, nhyehyɛe parameters te sɛ reflow profile, placement pressure ne solder bere tenten, ne nea ɛde ba kyekyɛ wɔ failed units. Wɔ saa abiɛsa no mu no, volume production nim nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ ho ban.

Wimhyɛnkafo bi yɛ nnipa ne data nso. Sɛ wɔma wɔn a wɔyɛ volume-line adwumayɛfo no nni board ahorow no ho dwuma bere a wɔretu wimhyɛn no a, ahobammɔ wom koraa sen sɛnea wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu nea edi kan wɔ da a wɔde bɛtow ahyɛ mu no. Aguadi foforo, fixture foforo, adeyɛ foforo — ɛnonom mu biara betumi de asɛm bi aba, na nnipa a wɔde wɔn bɛba adeyɛ no mu ntɛm no yɛ insurance a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw sen biara a ɛwɔ hɔ.