Bayan Dizal: Solar-Plus-Battery Hybrid Ajiyayyen a Wuraren Kashe-Grid na Afirka

Labari

Oktoba 8, 2019

Wuraren da ba a amfani da su a arewacin Najeriya, Nijar, Mali, Burkina Faso, Habasha da Turkana suna amfani da dizal, tare da farashin mai, sufuri da sata suna cinye yawancin OPEX. Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan topologies guda uku kuma lokacin da kowannensu ya shafi, ainihin rayuwar baturi a ƙarƙashin keken yau da kullun, ƙarancin ƙura mai ƙima, da tsarin biyan kuɗi tare da bayanai huɗu waɗanda zaku iya aunawa akan rukunin yanar gizon.

Rana a Wurin Kashe-Grid

A kewayen Kano da Kaduna da ke arewacin Najeriya, a yankunan karkarar Nijar, Mali da Burkina Faso, a kan tsaunukan Habasha, a yankin Turkana na kasar Kenya da ke fama da ciyayi, da kuma a lardunan kasar Zambiya, rana ta yau da kullum tana tafiya kamar haka: janaretan dizal yana farawa ne kafin magariba ya shiga cikin dare da lodin kusan 1 zuwa 3kW; yana kashe dare ɗaya kuma baturin yana ɗaukar tushe da watsawa; da rana baturi yana ci gaba da ɗaukar wurin har zuwa maraice, yana yin caji kawai idan wutar lantarki ta bayyana na ƴan sa'o'i. Matsalar ba ita kanta janareta ba ce amma ɓoyayyun kuɗi guda uku: isar da mai zuwa wurin, wanda inda ake buƙatar safarar babur ko raƙumi zai iya ninka farashin famfo; satar man fetur, wanda a wasu wuraren yana gudana a kashi 10% zuwa 30% na adadin da aka saya; da kiyayewa da gyarawa ta hanyar sa'a mai gudu. Manufar hasken rana ba muhalli ba - shine don motsa nauyin rana daga janareta kuma yanke duk farashin uku kai tsaye.

Zabar Daga cikin Topologies guda uku

Matakan Solar ba ƙira ɗaya ba ce amma uku, kuma zabar kuskure ya ninka biyan kuɗi. Na farko shine hasken rana da baturi da dizal jiran aiki, wanda kuma ake kira solar-priority: PV yana ɗaukar nauyi kuma yana cajin baturi da rana, yana ragewa da zarar baturi ya cika, kuma dizal yana farawa ne kawai bayan tsawan lokaci mai yawa ko ƙarancin baturi. Yana rage sa'o'in janareta kuma ya dace da rukunin yanar gizo tare da kyakkyawan haske na shekara-shekara da ɗaukar nauyi na rana - zaɓin da aka fi sani da shi a yankin Saharar Afirka. Na biyu shi ne dizal-primary tare da taimakon hasken rana, inda PV ke ɗaukar ɓangaren kaya kawai, yawanci 30% zuwa 50%, kuma janareta yana gudana kamar yadda ya gabata a rage yawan man fetur. Mafi sauƙaƙa don sake fasalin kuma mafi arha a babban birni, ya dace da manyan lodi ko shafuka tare da sabon janareta. Na uku tsantsar hasken rana da baturi ba tare da janareta kwata-kwata ba, mai yiwuwa ne kawai inda kaya ke ƙasa da 500W kuma ana karɓar kwanaki uku na haɗarin wuce gona da iri. Dalilin yanke hukunci a cikin dukkanin ukun ba albarkatu ba ne amma yadda yadda madaidaicin nauyi ya mamaye lanƙwan hasken rana: babban zobe yana fifita na farko, ƙaramin zobe yana sa na biyu mafi aminci.

Rayuwar Batir Na Gaskiya Karkashin Keke Na Kullum

A cikin matasan hasken rana baturin yana kammala cikakken zagayowar kowace rana, wanda ba kome ba ne kamar jiran aiki na iyo kuma shine inda ayyuka da yawa suka kasa - sun ƙayyade baturi mai iyo kuma su maye gurbin shi a cikin shekaru biyu. Zaɓin ya dogara da adadi uku, ba akan ƙarfin farantin suna ba. Na farko, zagayowar rayuwa, kuma musamman zagayowar rayuwa a zurfin da aka bayyana; Tsarin hasken rana yawanci yana gudana a 50% zuwa 70% DOD, don haka nemi bayanai a cikin wannan rukunin. Na biyu, karɓar caji: Ƙarfin cajin PV ya bambanta da rashin haske, halin yanzu yana da ƙasa da safe da maraice, kuma ko baturin zai iya ɗauka da kyau a ƙananan halin yanzu yana ƙayyade farfadowar kuzarin yau da kullun. Jerin gubar-carbon (LLC, 300 – 1,000Ah, samfura shida) yana ba da sau huɗu zuwa sau biyar rayuwar sake zagayowar samfur na al'ada a cikin aikin PSoC tare da karɓar karɓar cajin kusan 30%, kuma an tsara shi don daidai wannan. Na uku, yanayin zafi mai zafi: yanayin zafi sama da 40 ° C ne na yau da kullun a Afirka, don haka dole ne a daidaita rayuwar zagayowar don yanayin zafi. Jerin zurfafa zagayowar (FTC, 100-170Ah, 1,500 cycles ko fiye) kuma zaɓin sauti ne a ƙaramin ƙarfi da matsakaici.

Dust: The Underrated Variable

A duk faɗin yankin Sahel da ɓangarorin Gabashin Afirka, an yi watsi da ƙura sosai. Na farko, zubar da ƙasa: kowane Layer na ƙura a kan gilashi yana rage watsawa da maki da yawa, kuma bayan guguwar ƙura za a iya rufe tsararru sosai don rage yawan fitarwa. A Nijar, Mali da Chadi, tsallake tsaftar muhalli na iya kashe sama da kashi 20% na yawan amfanin gonakin shekara. Na biyu, thermal: ƙura a kan takardar baya yana hana ƙin yarda da zafi, haɓaka yawan zafin jiki da yanke ingantaccen aiki, haɓaka asarar. Na uku, inji da lantarki: kura mai shiga akwatunan mahaɗa da masu haɗawa yana haifar da mummunan lamba da haɗarin baka, da ƙura a hanyoyin inverter iska yana toshe sanyaya. Amsoshin ƙira guda huɗu sun biyo baya: ƙara karkatar da jeri don haka ana busa ƙura ko kuma a wanke da sauri; saka akwatunan mahaɗa da masu haɗin kai tare da ƙimar shiga mafi girma; yi amfani da inverter da aka sanyaya ta halitta ko dacewa da tace ƙura kuma ƙara su zuwa hanyar dubawa; da kuma sanya tsaftacewa a cikin kwangilar O&M tare da ƙayyadaddun mitar - kowane wata a lokacin ƙura, kwata-kwata in ba haka ba - maimakon 'kamar yadda ake buƙata'.

Ana lissafin Payback

Biya baya buƙatar ƙira mai ƙima, kawai bayanai huɗu, kuma ana iya auna duk huɗun akan rukunin yanar gizon. Na farko, farashin dizal na shekara-shekara na yanzu: matsakaicin yawan amfanin yau da kullun a cikin lita × 365 × isar da farashin mai gami da sufuri. Yi amfani da farashin da aka kawo, ba farashin jetty ba. Na biyu, farashin dizal bayan sake fasalin: sikelin ta hanyar raguwar sa'o'in janareta, wanda don ƙirar fifikon hasken rana yawanci zuwa 20% zuwa 40% na asali. Na uku, yawan amfanin ƙasa na PV na shekara: iyawar tsararru a cikin kWp × na gida daidai lokacin sa'o'in rana mafi girma × 365 × ingantaccen tsarin 0.75 zuwa 0.8 × ƙasan ƙasa da ƙasƙanci na 0.85 zuwa 0.9. Na hudu, jimlar saka hannun jari gami da kayayyaki, hawa, mai sarrafawa, baturi, sufuri da shigarwa. Payback = zuba jari ÷ (farashin farashin dizal na shekara-shekara - farashin dizal na shekara-shekara - farashin kulawa na shekara-shekara). Abin da aka fi yawan wuce gona da iri shi ne na uku: mutane suna amfani da sa'o'in rana masu kyau kuma suna manta da ƙazantar da ƙasa. Ɗauki ƙididdiga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma kuɗin da kuka ƙididdigewa shine wanda za'a iya bayarwa a zahiri.

Girman Array da Baturi Tare

Kurakurai guda biyu da aka fi saba dasu a ƙirar matasan hasken rana sune tsararru maras girma da ƙananan baturi, kuma yawanci suna faruwa tare. Ka'idar ita ce a bi da lokacin da aka kifar da shi azaman ƙuntatawa da ma'aunin kuzari na yau da kullun a matsayin maƙasudi, cikin matakai uku. Na farko, amfani da yau da kullun: kaya a cikin kW × 24 hours, an ƙididdige su daban inda nauyin dare da rana ya bambanta. Na biyu, matsakaita yawan amfanin yau da kullun na PV: ƙarfin tsararru a cikin kWp × daidai lokacin sa'o'in rana mafi girma × ingancin tsarin 0.75 zuwa 0.8 × ƙasa mai 0.85. Wannan sakamakon dole ne ya wuce amfani da yau da kullun, yawanci tare da 20% zuwa 30% headroom don rufe bambance-bambancen yanayi, lalata tsarin da kuma shading lokaci-lokaci. Na uku, ƙarfin baturi: yawan amfanin yau da kullun × kwanakin da ya cika ÷ zurfin fitarwa, tare da cikar kwanakin da aka ɗauka daga bayanan yanayi na gida - biyu zuwa uku a cikin Sahel, ɗayan kuma akan tsaunukan Gabashin Afirka. Bayan matakan uku, gudanar da rajistan juzu'i: a ƙarshen lokacin mafi dadewa, ƙarfin baturi bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da 20% ba, ko farawar janareta zai tashi da kyau kuma tattalin arzikin matasan ya ɓace. Ana tsallake wannan rajistan akai-akai, duk da haka shine kawai mai wahala mai nuna ko rabon sauti ne. Ɗayan ƙarin daki-daki da aka rasa akai-akai shine karkatar da tsari: a cikin yankuna masu ƙura, ƙara 5 zuwa 10 digiri fiye da mafi kyawun tsara tsararrun yana barin ƙurar ta tashi da sauri kuma tana samar da ƙarin lokaci. View Telecom Backup Power Selection