Ijellokin Diesel: Solar-Plus-Battery Hybrid Backup ilo African Off-Grid Sites

Bwebwenato

Oktoba 8, 2019

Jikin ko rejjab jerbal ilo northern Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia im Turkana rej jerbal kin diesel, ippāñ wōnan fuel, transport im ko rej bōk elap ian OPEX eo. Eoon in ej kwalok kin jilu topologies ko im ñe kajjojo rej jerbal, mour in battery eo emol iumin daily cycling, underrated dust variable, im juon payback formula ippāñ emen input ko kwomaroñ joñe ilo jikin eo.

Juon raan ilo juon jikin eo ejelok grid ie

Ipeļaakin Kano im Kaduna ilo northern Nigeria, ilo Niger, Mali im Burkina Faso, ilo Ethiopia highlands, ilo Kenya's arid Turkana region im ilo Zambia's outlying provinces, juon raan ekkā an jerbal einwot in: diesel generator eo ej jino mokta jen an jota im ej ettōr ilo boñ ņae juon eddo in 11 ñan 3W; ej jemlok ilo bon im battery eo ej bōk baseband im transmission; ilo raan battery eo ej wōnmanlok wōt im bōk jikin eo mae jota, ej charge wōt elañe grid power ej walok iumin jejjo awa ko. Apañ eo ejjab kin generator eo make ak jilu wōnan ko rejenolok: bōktok fuel ñan jikin eo, eo ijo ej aikuj in bōk motobaik ak camel emaron in laplok ruo alen joñan wōnan pump eo; bōk fuel, eo ilo jet jikin ko ej 10% ñan 30% in joñan eo kar wiaiki; im kōjparok im kōkāāl ko rej kōlla ilo awa in jerbal. Unin an solar jerbal ejjab ñan mejatoto — ej ñan jolok joñan an jerbal ilo raan jen generator eo im jolok aolep jilu wōnāān ko.

Kālet ilubwiljin jilu wāween ko

Solar hybrid ejjab juon wōt design ak jilu, im kālet eo ebōd ej kōmman bwe en laplok tokjen. Kein kajuon ej solar plus battery plus diesel standby, barāinwōt naetan solar-priority: PV ej jerbal im charge battery eo ilo raan, ej dikļo k ñe battery eo ej obrak, im diesel ej jino wōt elikin an lōñ kōto ak battery eo ej jako. Ej kōmman bwe en diiklok awa in generator eo im ej jerbal ñan jikin ko ewor meram eo emman ilo juon yio im ilo raan — men eo elaptata an walok ilo sub-Saharan Africa. Kein karuo ej diesel-primary ippān solar assist, ijo PV ej bōk wōt m̧ōttan in eddo eo, ekkā an 30% n̄an 50%, im generator eo ej jerbal āinwōt m̧okta ilo an dikļo̧k an kōjerbal fuel. Ebin tata ñan kōkāāl im edik wōnan ilo capital, ej ekkar ñan eddo ko relaplok ak jikin ko ewōr juon generator ekãl. Kein kajilu ej ​​solar eo erreo im battery eo ejelok generator ie, emaron jerbal wot ñe load eo ej diklok jen 500W im jilu raan in kōto ej maroñ. Men eo ej kōmman bebe ibwiljin men kein jilu ejjab irradiance resource ak ewi joñan an load curve eo an solar curve eo: elap an lap ej jibañ eo moktata, joñan eo edik ej kōmman bwe eo kein karuo en ejmourur.

Mour in Battery eo Emol Iumin Bajkōļ Ran otemjej

Ilo juon solar hybrid battery eo ej kadedelok juon an full cycle aolep raan, eo ejjab einwot float standby im ej ijo elōn project ko rejjab jerbal — rej kōmmane juon float battery im bōk jikin ilo ruo yio. Kālet ej pedped wōt ioon jilu pija ko, jab ioon joñan nameplate eo. Mokta, mour in cycle, im elaptata mour in cycle ilo juon joñan eo emoj kwalok kake; solar system ko rej jerbal ilo 50% ñan 70% DOD, innem kajitõk kin melele ko ilo band eo. Kein karuo, bōk charge: Kajoor in charge eo an PV ej oktak ippān irradiance, current ej dik ilo jibboñ im jota, im elañe battery eo emaron in bōk charge ilo dik current ej kōmman bwe en maroñ in bar jeblak kajoor eo an raan otemjej. Lead-carbon series (LLC, 300-1,000Ah, jiljino model ko) ej letok emān ñan lalem alen an mour in cycle eo jen conventional product ilo PSoC duty ippāñ enañin 30% emmanlok an bōk charge, im kar kōmmane ñan men in. Kein kajilu, mwil ko ilo joñan bwil im molo: joñan bwil im molo in cabinet ko ilõñlok jen 40°C rej men ko rej walok ilo Africa, innem mour in cycle eo ej aikuj in kajimwe ñan joñan bwil im molo. Deep-cycle series (FTC, 100-170Ah, 1,500 cycles ak elaplok) ej barāinwōt juon kālet emman ilo joñan eo edik im joñan.

Dust: The Underrated Variable

Ibelakin Sahel im East Africa eo emōrā, bwidej ej lukkun dik. Mokta, bwidej: kajjojo laajrak in bwidej ion kilaaj eo ej kōmman bwe en diiklok an maroñ in deloñ ilo jet percentage point ko, innem elikin juon bwidej ej walok, array eo emaron in kalibubu joñan an maroñ in kōmman bwe en diklok joñan an walok. Ilo Niger, Mali im Chad, likjab in karreo emaron in bōk elaplok jen 20% in yield eo ilo juon yio. Kein karuo, bwil: bwidej ilo backsheet eo ej bōbrae an bwil, kalaplok joñan bwil im molo in cell eo im joñan an emman an mwijbar, im kalaplok joñan an jako. Kein kajilu, mechanical im electrical: bwidej ej deloñ ilo junction box ko im connector ko ej kōmman bwe en jab emman an armij ro jelet im arc risk, im bwidej ilo ial in kōto ko an inverter ej bōbrae an bwil. Emān uwaak in kōmman ko rej walok: kalaplok an array tilt bwe bwidej en maroñ in mōkaj an mōkaj an mōkaj an jako; kōjenolok junction box ko im connector ko ippāñ juon joñan deloñ eo eutiejlok; kōjerbal inverter ko rej kōmman an bwil ak likit dust filter ko im kobaiktok ñan ial in etale eo; im likit karreo ilo O&M contract eo ippāñ juon joñan eo emōj kalikar — kajjojo allōñ ilo ien bwidej, kajjojo quarter elañe jab — jen 'āinwōt an aikuj'.

Kalōk Payback

Payback ejjab aikuj juon model eo ekauwatata, ewōr wōt emān input ko, im aolep emān remaroñ joñe ilo jikin eo. Mokta, wōnan diesel ilo juon yio: joñan an armij kajerbale ilo juon raan ilo liter × 365 × wōnan fuel eo kar lelok ekoba transport. Kōjerbal wōnāān eo kar bōktok, jab wōnāān eo an jetty. Kein karuo, wōnāān diesel elikin kōkāāl: joñan ilo an diklok awa in jerbal in generator eo, eo ñan solar-priority design ko ej ekkā an 20% ñan 40% in eo jinointata. Kein kajilu, PV yield eo ilo juon yio: joñan maroñ in array ilo kWp × local equivalent peak sun hours × 365 × system efficiency in 0.75 ñan 0.8 × soiling im degradation factor in 0.85 ñan 0.9. Kein kajilu, joñan wōnāān ko ekoba module ko, mounting, controller, battery, transport im installation. Payback = investment ÷ (pre-retrofit annual diesel diesel − post-retrofit annual diesel cost − annual maintenance). Men eo ekkā an ļap an armej ro kōmeļeļeiki ej kein kajilu: armej rej kōjerbal awa ko rem̧m̧an an aļ im meļo̧kļo̧k jorrāān im jorrāān. Bōk coefficient ko rejimwe im wōnāān eo kwoj kōllaajrake ej juon eo emaron in lukkun lelok.

joñan Array eo im Battery eo ibben don

Bōd ko ruo relukkun walok ilo solar hybrid design rej juon array edik im juon battery edik, im rej walok ibben don. Pedped eo ej ñan bōk ien eo ewor kōto einwot menin bōbrae im joñan kajoor eo ilo raan otemjej einwot mejenkajjik eo, ilo jilu bun̄tōn ko. Mokta, joñan an armij kajerbale ilo raan otemjej: eddo ilo kW × 24 awa, kar kalōk kajjojo ijo eddo ko ilo ran im boñ rej oktak jen dron. Kein karuo, joñan PV yield ilo juon raan: joñan maroñ in array ilo kWp × joñan awa in al × joñan an emman system eo jen 0.75 ñan 0.8 × soiling factor in 0.85. Tokjen eo ej aikuj in laplok jen joñan an armij kajerbale ilo ran otemjej, ekkã an 20% ñan 30% headroom ñan kalibubu oktak ko ilo season ko, jorrãn in module ko im jet ien shading. Kein kajilu, joñan battery eo: joñan an jerbal ilo raan otemjej × raan ko ewor kōto ie ÷ joñan an diwōjtok, ippāñ raan ko ewor kōto ie jen rekoot in mejatoto ko ilo jikin eo — ruo ñan jilu ilo Sahel, bar juon ilo East African highlands. Elikin jilu step ko, kōmmane juon reverse check: ilo jemlokin ien eo elaptata an kōto, joñan battery eo ej bed wot en jab diklok jen 20%, ak generator eo enaj jino an laplok im economy eo an hybrid eo enaj jako. Check eo ekkā an likjab, ak ej juon wōt men eo ekajoor n̄an kwaļo̧k eļan̄n̄e ratio eo ej em̧m̧an. Bar juon men eo ekkā an jako ej array tilt: ilo jikin ko ewor bwidej ie, kobaik 5 ñan 10 degrees jen tilt eo emman tata ej kōmman bwe bwidej en mōkaj an jako im lelok elaplok ilo ien. View Telecom Backup Power Selection