Bihain long Disel: Sola-Plus-Bateri Haibrid Bekap long ol Afrikan Off-Grid Ples

Stori

Oktoba 8, 2019

Ol ples we i no gat grid long en long noten Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia na Turkana i save yusim disel, na pe bilong bensin, trenspot na stil pasin i save kisim bikpela hap bilong OPEX. Dispela atikol i karamapim tripela 'topologies' na taim wanwan i wok, 'real battery life' aninit long 'dely cycling', 'underrated dust variable', na wanpela 'payback formula' wantaim 4-pela input yu ken skelim long sait.

Wanpela de long wanpela of-grid sait

Klostu long Kano na Kaduna long noten Nigeria, long rurel Niger, Mali na Burkina Faso, long ol maunten bilong Itiopia, long drai Turkana rijen bilong Kenya na long ol provins ausait long Zambia, wanpela de i save ron olsem: disel jenereta i save stat pastaim long san i go daun na i save ran i go insait long nait wantaim wanpela lod we i gat samting olsem 1 i go inap 13 Wk; em i save pas long nait na bateri i save karim 'baseband' na 'transmission'; long san bateri i save karim dispela hap inap long apinun, na i save sasim tasol sapos grid pawa i kamap inap sampela aua. Hevi i no jenereta yet tasol tripela hait kos: bringim bensin i go long ples, we we ol i nidim motobaik o kamel trenspot i ken winim tupela taim prais bilong pam; stilim bensin, we long sampela eria i save kamap long 10% i go inap 30% bilong volium ol i baim; na mentenens na ovahol i save pinis long aua bilong wok. As tingting bilong sola em i no bilong lukautim envairomen — em i bilong rausim wok bilong san long jenereta na katim olgeta tripela kos stret.

Yu mas makim namel long tripela topoloji

Solar hybrid em i no wanpela disain tasol em i tripela, na sapos yu makim rong dispela i mekim pe bilong en i kamap tupela taim. Namba wan em sola na bateri na disel 'standby', ol i kolim tu sola-praioriti: PV i save givim lod na sasim bateri long san, i save daunim taim bateri i pulap, na disel i save stat tasol bihain long klaut i stap longpela taim o bateri i pinis. Em i save daunim ol aua bilong jenereta na i stret long ol hap we i gat gutpela 'annual iradiance' na 'detime-concentrated load' - dispela em i nambawan samting long sub-Saharan Afrika. Namba tu em disel-praimeri wantaim sola asist, we PV i save karim hap bilong lod tasol, planti taim 30% i go inap 50%, na jenereta i ron olsem bipo na i no save yusim planti bensin. Em i isi long stretim na i no gat bikpela pe long en, em i gutpela long ol bikpela kago o ol hap we i gat nupela jenereta. Namba tri em i pure sola na bateri we i no gat jenereta, em i ken wok tasol long hap we lod i aninit long 500W na tripela de bilong klaut i orait. Samting we i makim olgeta tripela em i no risos bilong 'iradiance' tasol em i hamas gutpela 'load curve' i karamapim sola kurv: bikpela 'overlap' i helpim namba wan, liklik 'overlap' i mekim namba tu i seif moa.

Laip bilong bateri tru taim yu ron long baiskol long olgeta de

Insait long wanpela sola haibrid bateri i save pinisim wanpela ful saikel long olgeta de, we i no wankain olsem 'float standby' na planti projek i save feil — ol i save makim wanpela 'float battery' na senisim insait long tupela yia. Seleksen i dipen long tripela namba, i no long namba bilong nemplet. Namba wan, 'cycle life', na moa yet 'cycle life' long wanpela dip bilong 'discharge' we ol i makim; ol sola sistem i save ron long 50% i go inap 70% DOD, olsem na askim long data insait long dispela ben. Namba tu, 'charge acceptance': PV 'charging power' i save senis wantaim 'iradiance', 'current' i liklik long moning na long apinun, na sapos bateri inap long kisim gut 'charge' i liklik dispela i makim 'dely energy recovery'. Ol 'lead-carbon series' (LLC, 300-1,000Ah, 6-pela model) i save givim 4-pela i go inap 5-pela taim moa long laip bilong ol narapela prodak insait long PSoC wantaim klostu 30% gutpela 'charge acceptance', na ol i wokim bilong dispela samting stret. Namba tri, pasin bilong hai-temperature: ol kebinet tempereja antap long 40°C em i samting we i save kamap oltaim long Afrika, olsem na ol i mas stretim laip bilong saikel long tempereja. Ol 'deep-cycle series' (FTC, 100-170Ah, 1,500 'cycles' o moa) em i gutpela tu long liklik na namel 'capacity'.

Das: Dispela samting we ol i no tingim tumas

Long olgeta hap bilong Sahel na draipela hap bilong Is Afrika, ol i no tingim tumas das. Namba wan, doti: olgeta leit bilong das long glas i save daunim 'transmittance' long sampela pesen poin, na bihain long wanpela 'dust storm' ol i ken karamapim 'array' inap long daunim 'output'. Long Niger, Mali na Chad, sapos ol i no klinim ol samting, dispela inap long kostim moa long 20% ​​bilong ol kaikai long wanwan yia. Namba tu, 'thermal': das long beksit i save pasim 'heat rejection', na dispela i save apim 'cell temperature' na 'cutting efficiency', na dispela i save mekim lus i kamap bikpela moa. Namba tri, ol samting bilong masin na lektrik: das i go insait long ol 'junction box' na 'connector' i save kamapim nogut kontek na 'arc risk', na das insait long ol rot bilong win bilong inveta i save pasim kol. Fopela bekim bilong disain i kamap: skruim 'array tilt' bai das i ken win o waswas hariap; makim ol 'junction box' na 'connector' we i gat bikpela 'ingress rating'; yusim ol 'inverter' we i gat kol long en o putim ol das filta na putim ol long rot bilong sekim; na putim wok klinim insait long O&M kontrak wantaim wanpela mak bilong taim — long olgeta mun long taim bilong das, long olgeta kwata sapos nogat — na i no 'olsem ol i laikim'.

Kalkuletim Pebek

Pebek i no nidim wanpela kompleks model, em i nidim 4-pela input tasol, na olgeta 4-pela i ken skelim long sait. Namba wan, pe bilong disel long wanwan yia nau: averej deili konsumsen long lita × 365 × pe bilong fiul we ol i givim wantaim trenspot. Yusim prais we ol i salim i kam, na i no prais bilong 'jetty'. Namba tu, kos bilong disel bihain long stretim: skel long daunim ol aua bilong jenereta, we long ol sola-praioriti disain em i save stap long 20% ​​i go inap 40% bilong orijinel. Namba tri, annual PV yield: array capacity in kWp × local equivalent peak sun hours × 365 × system efficiency of 0.75 to 0.8 × soiling and degradation factor of 0.85 to 0.9. Namba foa, olgeta invesmen we i gat ol modul, mounting, kontrola, bateri, trenspot na instolesen. Pebek = invesmen ÷ (pre-retrofit anuel disel kos − post-retrofit anuel disel kos − anuel mentenens kos). Input we planti taim ol i save tok planti long en em namba tri: ol manmeri i save yusim gutpela san aua na ol i save lusim tingting long ol pipia na bagarap. Kisim ol 'conservative coefficients' na 'payback' yu skelim em wanpela we yu ken kisim.

Skelim sais bilong 'Array' na 'battery' wantaim

Tupela bikpela asua we i save kamap long sola haibrid disain em i wanpela liklik 'array' na wanpela liklik 'battery', na tupela i save kamap wantaim. As tingting em long tingim taim bilong klaut olsem samting we i pasim rot na 'deili energy balance' olsem samting bilong mekim, long tripela step. Namba wan, deili konsumsen: lod long kW × 24 aua, ol i skelim seperet we ol lod bilong san na nait i no wankain. Namba tu, averej deili PV yield: arei kapasiti long kWp × ikwivalent peak san aua × sistem efisiens bilong 0.75 i go long 0.8 × soiling fakta bilong 0.85. Dispela risal i mas winim mak bilong kaikai long olgeta de, planti taim i gat 20% i go inap 30% spes bilong karamapim ol senis bilong sisen, bagarap bilong modul na sampela taim seding. Namba tri, bateri kapasiti: deili konsumsen × ol de we i gat klaut ÷ dip bilong discharge, wantaim ol de we i gat klaut we ol i kisim long ol rekot bilong weta long ples — tupela i go long tripela long Sahel, wanpela moa long ol hailans bilong Is Afrika. Bihain long tripela step, mekim wanpela 'reverse check': long pinis bilong longpela taim bilong ovakas, 'residual battery capacity' i no ken pundaun aninit long 20%, o jenereta stat bai go antap tru na 'hybrid' ekonomiks bai lus. Planti taim ol i save lusim dispela sekim, tasol em i wanpela strongpela samting tasol bilong soim olsem 'ratio' i orait o nogat. Wanpela moa samting we planti taim ol i no save tingim em 'array tilt': long ol hap we i gat das, sapos yu putim 5 i go inap 10 digri antap long gutpela 'generation tilt' dispela i save larim das i ron hariap na i save kamapim planti kaikai moa long taim. View Telecom Backup Power Selection