Beyond Diesel: Ɣe-Plus-Battery Hybrid Backup le Afrika ƒe teƒe siwo womewɔa elektrikŋusẽ le o

Nu

October 8, 2019, ƒe 2019

Teƒe siwo me elektrikŋusẽ mele o le Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia kple Turkana ƒe dziehe gome la zãa diesel, eye ami ƒe asi, ʋuɖoɖo kple fififi xɔa OPEX ƒe akpa gãtɔ. Nyati sia ƒo nu tso topology etɔ̃awo ŋu eye ne wo dometɔ ɖesiaɖe sɔ la, batri ƒe agbenɔƒe ŋutɔŋutɔ le gbesiagbe gasɔdodo te, ke ƒe tɔtrɔ si womede asixɔxɔe o, kple fexexe ƒe mɔnu si me nu ene siwo wotsɔ de eme le si nàte ŋu adzidze le teƒea.

Ŋkeke ɖeka le Teƒe si Womezãa Grid O

Le Kano kple Kaduna le Nigeria ƒe dziehe gome, le kɔƒenutowo me le Niger, Mali kple Burkina Faso, le Ethiopia togbɛwo dzi, le Kenya ƒe Turkana nuto si me tsi medzana le o kple Zambia ƒe nuto siwo le didiƒe ʋĩ me la, ŋkeke si wozãna ɖaa la zɔna ale: diesel-mɔ̃a dzea egɔme hafi zã do eye wòƒua du vaseɖe zã me tsɔ tsia agba si ade 1 va ɖo 3kW dzi; etsia zã ɖeka eye batri la tsɔa baseband kple transmission; le ŋkeke me la, batri la yia edzi tsɔa teƒea vaseɖe fiẽ, eye ne edzɔ be elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a ƒe ŋusẽ dze gaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo ko hafi wòxɔa dzo. Menye elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a ŋutɔe nye kuxia o ke boŋ gazazã ɣaɣla etɔ̃e nye: ami tsɔtsɔ yi teƒea, si le afisi wòhiã be woatsɔ dzokeke alo tedziwo ayi ate ŋu agbɔ pɔmpi ƒe asi ƒe teƒe eve; ami fifi, si le nuto aɖewo me la, exɔa 10% va ɖo 30% le agbɔsɔsɔ si woƒle me; kple beléle na xɔa kple nuwo ɖɔɖɔɖo si woɖe le gaƒoƒo si wotsɔ ƒua du nu. Taɖodzinu si le ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ŋu menye nutome o — enye be wòaɖe ŋkeke me agba ɖa le elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a dzi eye wòaɖe gazazã etɔ̃awo katã dzi akpɔtɔ tẽ.

Tiatia le Topology Etɔ̃ Dome

Menye aɖaŋu ɖeka koe ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ si wotsɔ tsakae nye o ke boŋ etɔ̃e, eye ne ètiae vodadatɔe la, eƒe fetu dzina ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi eve. Gbãtɔe nye ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ kpe ɖe batri ŋu kpe ɖe diesel ŋu le lala, si woyɔna hã be ɣe ƒe vevienyenye: PV subɔa agba eye wòdoa batri la ƒe agba le ŋkeke me, eɖea edzi ne batri yɔ ko, eye ne alilikpo do ɣeyiɣi didi alo batri vɔ ko hafi diesel dzea egɔme. Eɖea elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ ƒe gaƒoƒo dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòsɔ na teƒe siwo ƒe sia ƒe ƒe keklẽ nyui le eye agba si wotsɔna xɔa agba le ŋkeke me — si nye tiatia si bɔ wu le Afrika ƒe anyiehe Sahara. Evelia nye diesel-primary kple ɣe ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu, afisi PV tsɔa agbaa ƒe akpa aɖe ko, zi geɖe la, 30% va ɖo 50%, eye generator la zɔna abe tsã ene le ami zazã si bɔbɔ wu me. Ele bɔbɔe wu be woagbugbɔ aɖɔe ɖo eye eƒe fiadu mexɔ asi wu, esɔ na agba gãwo alo teƒe siwo elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ yeye aɖe le. Etɔ̃lia nye ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ dzadzɛ kpe ɖe batri ŋu si me elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ aɖeke mele kura o, afisi agbaa mede 500W o eye ŋkeke etɔ̃ ƒe alilikpo ƒe afɔku si dzi woda asi ɖo koe ate ŋu awɔ dɔ. Nusi tsoa nya me le wo ame etɔ̃awo katã me menye keklẽŋusẽ ƒe nunɔamesi o ke boŋ alesi agba ƒe ʋuʋudedi ƒoa xlã ɣe ƒe ʋuʋudedi nyuie: ƒoƒo ɖe wo nɔewo dzi vevie doa dzidzɔ na gbãtɔ, ƒoƒo ɖe wo nɔewo dzi bɔbɔe nana evelia nɔa dedie wu.

Batriki ƒe Agbenɔƒe Ŋutɔŋutɔ Le Gbesiagbe Kekefɔfɔ Te

Le ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe tsakatsaka me la, batri la wua tsatsam blibo nu gbesiagbe, si menye naneke abe float standby ene o eye afimae dɔ geɖe doa kpo nu le — wogblɔa float battery eye woɖɔliae le ƒe eve me. Tiatia nɔ te ɖe xexlẽdzesi etɔ̃ dzi, ke menye ɖe ŋkɔdzesi ƒe ŋutete dzi o. Gbã la, tsatsam ƒe agbenɔƒe, eye vevietɔ tsatsam ƒe agbenɔƒe le tsi si dona le eme ƒe goglome si wogblɔ me; zi geɖe la, ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ɖoɖowo zɔna le 50% va ɖo 70% DOD, eyata bia nyatakakawo le hatsotso ma me. Evelia, charge lɔlɔ̃ ɖe edzi: PV charging ƒe ŋusẽ toa vovo le keklẽŋusẽ nu, elektrikŋusẽ mebɔna le ŋdi kple ŋdɔ ƒe nuwuwu o, eye nenye be batri la ate ŋu axɔ dzo nyuie le elektrikŋusẽ si le sue me lae afia ŋusẽ si wòagaxɔ gbesiagbe. Lead-carbon series (LLC, 300–1,000Ah, six models) naa ɣeyiɣi ene va ɖo atɔ̃ ƒe tsatsam agbenɔƒe si nye nusi wozãna ɖaa le PSoC dɔwɔwɔ me kple abe 30% ƒe fexexe si nyo wu, eye wowɔe na esia tututu. Etɔ̃lia, dzoxɔxɔ gã ƒe nuwɔna: kabinet ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si wu 40°C nye nusi wowɔna edziedzi le Afrika, eyata ele be woaɖɔ tsikpe ƒe agbenɔƒe ɖo ɖe dzoxɔxɔ nu. Deep-cycle series (FTC, 100–170Ah, 1,500 cycles alo esi wu nenema) hã nye gbeɖiɖi tiatia le ŋutete sue kple titina.

Ke: Trɔtrɔ si Womebua Nu O

Le Sahel kple Ɣedzeƒe Afrika si me tsi medzana le o la, womebua ke nu tsɛe kura o. Gbã la, ɖiƒoƒo: ke ɖesiaɖe si le ahuhɔ̃ea dzi ɖea eƒe kaka dzi kpɔtɔna alafa memamã geɖe, eye le ke ƒe ahom megbe la, woate ŋu atsyɔ ƒuƒoƒoa dzi wòalolo ale gbegbe be wòaɖe eƒe dodo dzi akpɔtɔ afã. Le Niger, Mali kple Chad la, ne wodzo le dzadzɛnyenye dzi la, ate ŋu axɔ ƒe sia ƒe ƒe kutsetse ƒe 20% kple edzivɔ. Evelia, dzoxɔxɔ: ke si le megbekpa dzi xea mɔ na dzoxɔxɔ ƒe gbegbe, si naa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzoxɔxɔ kple lãɖeɖe ƒe ŋutete dzina ɖe edzi, si wɔnɛ be nusi bu la gasẽna ɖe edzi. Etɔ̃lia, mɔ̃ɖaŋu kple elektrikŋusẽ: ke si gena ɖe ƒoƒo ƒe aɖakawo kple kadodowo me hea kadodo nyuie kple akasa nu ƒe afɔku vɛ, eye ke si le inverter ya ƒe mɔwo me xea mɔ na fafa. Aɖaŋu ene ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo kplɔe ɖo: dzi array tilt ɖe edzi ale be ke naƒo alo aklɔe bɔbɔe wu; gblɔ ƒoƒo ƒe aɖakawo kple kadodo siwo ƒe gege ɖe eme ƒe dzeside si lolo wu; zã inverter siwo fa miamiamia le dzɔdzɔme nu alo nàde keɖemɔ̃wo me eye nàtsɔ wo akpe ɖe mɔ si dzi woato alé ŋku ɖe wo ŋu la ŋu; eye woatsɔ dzadzɛnyenye ade O&M ƒe nubabla me kple ɣeyiɣi si woɖe fia — ɣleti sia ɣleti le keɣi, ɣleti etɔ̃ ɖesiaɖe ne menye nenema o la — tsɔ wu be woatsɔe ‘abe alesi wòhiãe’.

Akɔntabubu le Fexexe Ŋu

Fexexe mehiã kpɔɖeŋu sesẽ aɖeke o, nu ene koe woatsɔ ade eme, eye woate ŋu adzidze eneawo katã le teƒea. Gbã la, fifia ƒe ƒe sia ƒe diesel ƒe asi: gbesiagbe zazã le mama dedie nu le lita me × 365 × ami si wotsɔ yi na amewo ƒe asi si me ʋuɖoɖo hã le. Zã asi si wotsɔ vɛ, ke menye ʋudzeƒea ƒe asi o. Evelia. Etɔ̃lia, ƒe sia ƒe ƒe PV ƒe kutsetse: ƒuƒoƒo ƒe ŋutete le kWp me × nutoa me ƒe ɣe ƒe gaƒoƒo siwo sɔ gbɔ wu × 365 × ɖoɖoa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie si nye 0.75 va ɖo 0.8 × ɖiƒoƒo kple gbegblẽ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme si nye 0.85 va ɖo 0.9. Enelia, gadede bliboa me si me modules, mounting, controller, battery, transport kple installation hã le. Fetu = gadede asi ÷ (do ŋgɔ na gbugbɔgaɖɔɖo ƒe sia ƒe ƒe diesel ƒe gazazã − le gbugbɔgaɖɔɖo megbe ƒe sia ƒe ƒe diesel ƒe gazazã − ƒe sia ƒe beléle na xɔa ƒe gazazã). Nusi wogblɔna wògbɔa eme zi geɖe enye etɔ̃lia: amewo zãa ɣe ƒe gaƒoƒo nyuitɔwo eye woŋlɔa ɖiƒoƒo kple gbegblẽ be. Tsɔ conservative coefficients eye payback si nèbu akɔntae nye esi woate ŋu atsɔ ana ŋutɔŋutɔ.

Array kple Battery la ƒe lolome wɔwɔ ɖekae

Vodada eve siwo bɔ wu le ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ vovovowo ƒe wɔwɔme mee nye batri si ƒe lolome mede o kple batri si ƒe lolome mede o, eye zi geɖe la, wodzɔna ɖekae. Gɔmeɖoseae nye be woabu ɣeyiɣi si me alilikpo dodo la abe mɔxenu ene eye woabu gbesiagbe ŋusẽ ƒe dadasɔ abe taɖodzinu ene, le afɔɖeɖe etɔ̃ me. Gbã la, gbesiagbe zazã: agba le kW × gaƒoƒo 24 me, wobu akɔnta ɖe vovo le afisi ŋkeke kple zã ƒe agbawo to vovo le. Evelia, gbesiagbe PV ƒe kutsetse le mama dedie nu: ƒuƒoƒo ƒe ŋutete le kWp me × ɣe ƒe gaƒoƒo siwo sɔ gbɔ wu × ɖoɖoa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie si nye 0.75 va ɖo 0.8 × ɖiƒoƒo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme si nye 0.85. Ele be emetsonu ma nawu gbesiagbe zazã, zi geɖe la, tagbɔ ƒe 20% va ɖo 30% nɔa eme be woatsɔ atsyɔ ɣeyiɣi ƒe tɔtrɔ, module ƒe gbegblẽ kple vɔvɔli ɣeaɖewoɣi dzi. Etɔ̃lia, batri ƒe ŋutete: gbesiagbe zazã × ŋkeke siwo dzi alilikpo do ÷ tsi si dona le eme ƒe goglome, kple ŋkeke siwo me alilikpo le siwo woɖe tso yame ƒe nɔnɔme ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi siwo le nutoa me me — eve va ɖo etɔ̃ le Sahel, ɖeka ganɔ Ɣedzeƒe Afrika togbɛwo dzi. Le afɔɖeɖe etɔ̃awo megbe la, wɔ megbedede: le alilikpo diditɔ kekeake ƒe nuwuwu la, mele be batri ƒe ŋusẽ susɔea naɖiɖi wu 20% o, ne menye nenema o la, elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ ƒe gɔmedzedze adzi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ eye hybrid ƒe ganyawo nu ayi. Wodoa kpo ɖaseɖiɖi ma enuenu, ke hã eya koe nye nu sesẽ si afia nenye be xexlẽmea sɔ. Nu bubu aɖe si toa eŋu zi geɖe enye array tilt: le nuto siwo me ke le me la, ne wotsɔe kpe ɖe dzidzenu 5 va ɖo 10 ŋu wu dzidzime ƒe tilt nyuitɔ kekeake la, enaa ke ƒuna bɔbɔe wu eye wònaa nu geɖe wu le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe. View Telecom Backup Power Selection