Ko wonaa Disel : Backup Hibriid Naange-Plus-Batiri e nokkuuji Afrik ɗi ngonaa e laylaytol

Ayaare

Ñalnde 8 oktoobar 2019

Nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa jolɗe e nder worgo leydi Nijeer, Niiseer, Mali, Burkinaa Faso, Ecoppi e Turkana ina kuutoroo disel, tawi njoɓdi petroŋ, yah-ngartaa e gujjugol ina ñaama ko heewi e OPEX. Ndee winndannde ina siftina topolooji tati ɗii e so gooto heen fof huutoriima, nguurndam batte goonga e les njiimaandi ñalnde kala, mbayliigu duƴƴe ŋakkuɗe, e foormula payndaale jogiiɗe naatgol nay mbaaw-ɗaa fotde e nokku.

Ñalawma gooto e nokku mo alaa ko woni e mum

Hedde Kano e Kaduna to worgo leydi Niiseer, e nder laddeeji Niiseer, Mali e Burkina Faso, e nder duuɗe toowɗe Ecoppi, e nder diiwaan Turkana joorɗo to Keñiya e nder diiwanuuji Zambie, ñalawma tippudi ina doga nii : ƴulɓe disel ina puɗɗoroo ko adii nde jamma oo naatata, ina doga e nder jamma hee e dow jolngo toW3k; ina uddita jamma e ñalawma, batiri oo ina jogii baseband e transmission ; ñalawma batiri ina jokki e nawde lowre ndee haa kikiiɗe, ina jokka tan so tawii doole grid keɓii feeñde e waktuuji seeɗa. Caɗeele ɗee ngonaa jeneraal oo e hoore mum kono ko njoɓɗeele tati cuuɗiiɗe : yettinde petroŋ to nokku, tawi ɗo motooji walla gelooɗi ina njiɗaa, ina waawi ɓurde laabi ɗiɗi coggu pompe ; gujjugol petroŋ, ngol won e nokkuuji ina doga e 10% haa 30% e njuuteendi coodguuli ; e toppitagol e ƴeewndo amortisé e waktu dogdu. Faandaare naange wonaa e weeyo — ko ittude jolngo ñalnde kala e jeneraal e taƴde njoɓdiiji tati ɗii fof to bannge laawol.

Suɓaade E nder Topolooji Tati

Hibriid naange wonaa diisnondiral gootal kono ko tati, kadi suɓaade ko boni ina sowoo njoɓdi. Arano oo ko naange ɓeydi heen batiri e disel standby, ina wiyee kadi solar-priority : PV ina huutoroo jolngo e jolngo batiri ñalnde kala, ina usta so batiri oo heewi, disel fuɗɗotoo tan ko caggal nde duule juuti walla batiri oo ustii. Ina usta waktuuji jeneraal e ina fota e nokkuuji jogiiɗi ƴulɓe moƴƴe hitaande kala e ƴulɓe ñalnde kala — ko ɓuri heewde e cuɓagol e nder Afrik worgo Saharaa. Ɗiɗaɓo oo ko disel-primaire e ballal naange, ɗo PV nawrata tan ko feccere e jolngo ngoo, ko ɓuri heewde ko 30% haa 50%, tawa jeneraal oo ina doga no adii nii e ŋakkeende njaru. Ko ɓuri hoybude e retrofit e ko ɓuri hoybude e kapitaal, ina fota e jolɗe ɓurɗe mawnude walla nokkuuji jogiiɗi jeneraal keso. Tataɓo oo ko batte naange laaɓtuɗe plus ɗe ngalaa generator hay dara, ina waawi wuurde tan ɗo jolngo ngo woni les 500W e balɗe tati risk overcast ina jaɓee. Geɗel kuuɓtodinngel e nder tati ɗee kala wonaa ngalu irradiance kono no ɓuuɓol jolnirta ɓuuɓol naange nii : ɓuuɓol toowngol ina weltina gadanol ngol, ɓuuɓol les ngol ina addana ɗiɗaɓol ngol ɓurde kisal.

Nguurndam Batiri Goonga Les Welo Ñalawma

E nder hibriid naange, batiri oo ina timmina ñalnde kala cirƴam timmuɗam, ko ɗum huunde nde nanndaani e float standby kadi ko ɗoon eɓɓooji keewɗi ŋakkiraa — ɓe ciftora batiri float ɓe lomtina ɗum e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi. Suɓagol fawii ko e limooje tati, wonaa e mbaawka innde. Ko adii fof, nguurndam cirƴam, e teeŋti noon nguurndam cirƴam e luggiɗgol ɓuuɓol ngol ; laylayti naange ina keewi dogaade e 50% haa 70% DOD, ɗum noon naamndo-ɗaa dokke e nder ndeen bannge. Ɗiɗaɓere, jaɓde jolngo : doole jolngo PV ina ceerti e lewño, jolngo ina famɗi subaka e kikiiɗe, kadi so tawii batiri ina waawi soomde no moƴƴi e jolngo les, ko ɗum addanta ñalnde kala ƴellitaare semmbe. Sereeji karbon-plomb (LLC, 300–1,000Ah, modeleeji jeegom) ina ndokka laabi nay haa joy nguurndam cirƴam geɗel gaadoraangel e nder golle PSoC e ko ina tolnoo e 30% jaɓgol charge ɓurngol moƴƴude, kadi ko ɗuum tan waɗiraa. Tataɓol, jikkuuji toowɗi : nguleeki kabine ko ɓuri 40°C ko huunde wootere e nder Afrik, ko ɗum waɗi nguurndam cirƴam ina foti feewnireede ngam nguleeki. Sereeji cirkooji luggiɗɗi (FTC, 100–170Ah, 1 500 cirkooji walla ko ɓuri ɗum) kadi ko suɓngo moƴƴo e mbaawka tokoosa e hakkundeejo.

Dust: Ko waylo-waylo ngo ŋakkaani

E nder Sahel e Afrik fuɗnaange joorɗo, duƴƴe ina pamɗi no feewi. Ko adii fof, ko softinde : kala laral ɓuuɓngal e dow gilaas ina usta ɓuuɓol ngol e toɓɓe keewɗe, caggal nde ɓuuɓol ngol waɗi, array oo ina waawi uddude haa heewi haa feccere yaltoore ndee. To leydi Niiseer, Mali e Caad, ƴakkude laɓɓingol ina waawi bonnude ko ɓuri 20% e ko heɓaa hitaande kala. Ɗiɗaɓere, nguleeki : duƴƴe e dow ɓalndu ina haɗa jaɓde nguleeki, ina ɓeyda nguleeki cellal e taƴde kattanɗe, ina ɓeyda ŋakkeende. Tataɓol ngol, ko mekanik e elektirik : duƴƴe naatɗe e kaɓirɗe jokkondirɗe e jokkondire ina addana jokkondiral moƴƴal e riis arc, duƴƴe e nder laabi henndu inverter ina kaɗa coofgol. Jaabawuuli diisnondiral nay ina njokki : ɓeydude tilt array ngam duƴƴe ina fuɗa walla ina lootee e ko ɓuri yaawde ; hollirde kaɓirɗe jokkondirɗe e jokkondire jogiiɗe tolno naatgol ɓurɗo toowde ; huutoraade inwerteruuji coofɗi tawaaɗi walla filtirde duƴƴe e ɓeydude ɗum en e laawol ƴeewndo ; e waɗde laɓɓingol e nder nanondiral O&M e keewal cifaangal — lewru kala e sahaa duƴƴe, lewru kala so wonaa ɗuum — wonaa ‘no haanirta nii’.

Hiisaade Payback

Payback alaa ko haani e model caɗtuɗo, ko naatgol nayi tan, tee nayi ɗii fof ina mbaawi fotde e nokku. Arano oo, ko njoɓdi disel hitaande jooni : tolno njaru ñalnde kala e liiteeruuji × 365 × njoɓdi petroŋ yettinaaɗo ina heen jolngo. Huutoro coggu ngu yettinaa, wonaa coggu jetti. Ɗiɗaɓere, njoɓdi disel caggal nde retrofit : tolno e ustude waktuuji golle jeneraal, ko ɗum wonande diisnondiral naange-priorité ko heewi ko 20% haa 40% e asliiji ɗii. Tataɓol ngol, ko ƴellitaare PV hitaande kala : mbaawka array e nder kWp × waktuuji naange ɓurɗi mawnude e nokkuuji × 365 × njuuteendi system 0,75 haa 0,8 × faktor soiling e degradation 0,85 haa 0,9. Nayaɓol ngol, ko njulaagu nguu fof ina waɗi module, montage, controller, batte, yah-ngartaa e jolngo. Payback = investissement ÷ (coggu disel hitaande kala ko adii mbayliigu − njoɓdi disel hitaande caggal mbayliigu − njoɓdi toppitagol hitaande kala). Naatgol ɓurngol heewde limteede ko tataɓol ngol : yimɓe ina kuutoroo waktuuji naange potɗi, ina njejjita softinde e bonnude. Ƴettu koyeeraaji konservatiif e payndaale ɗe limtu-ɗaa ɗee ko ɗe mbaawi yettineede tigi rigi.

Sizing Array e Battery e nder heen

Juumre ɗiɗi ɓurnde heewde e peewnugol hibriid naange ko mbaydi mbaylaandi e batte mbaylaandi, tee ina keewi waɗde heen. Kuulal ngal ko jogaade sahaa ɓuuɓɗo oo ko jokkere enɗam e ballal semmbe ñalnde kala ko ɗum woni faandaare, e nder laabi tati. Ko adii fof, njaru ñalnde kala : teddeendi e kW × waktuuji 24, hiisaama ceertuɗi ɗo teddeendi ñalawma e jamma ceerti. Ɗiɗaɓere, tolno PV ñalnde kala : mbaawka array e kWp × waktuuji naange ɓurɗi mawnude potɗi × njuuteendi system 0,75 haa 0,8 × faktor soiling 0,85. Ndeen njeñtudi ina foti ɓurde njaru ñalnde kala, tawa ina waɗi 20% haa 30% e koɗki ngam suɗaade mbayliigu sahaa, ŋakkeende moodel e ɓuuɓri sahaa e sahaa fof. Tataɓol, mbaawka batte : njaru ñalnde kala × balɗe ɓuuɓɗe ÷ luggiɗgol ɓuuɓol, tawi balɗe ɓuuɓɗe ƴettaa ko e binndanɗe weeyo nokkuuji — ɗiɗi haa tati e nder Sahel, gooto kadi e dow tooweeki Afrik fuɗnaange. Caggal laabi tati ɗii, dognu ƴeewndo rewrude : e joofnirde dumunna ɓurɗo juutde e dumunna, batte heddiiɗe ɗee fotaani ustaade les 20%, walla fuɗɗoode jeneraal ɓeydotoo no feewi, faggudu hibriid oo majja. Ndeen ƴeewndo ina heewi ƴattaade, kono ko kañum tan woni ko hollirta tiiɗde so tawii njuuteendi ndii ina selli. Detaay goɗɗo mo heewi waasde ko array tilt : e nder nokkuuji duƴƴe, ɓeydude 5 haa 10 degereeji ko ɓuri tilde jibinannde ɓurnde moƴƴude ina addana duƴƴe ɗee fuɗde e ko ɓuri yaawde e ɓeydaade heɓde e nder sahaa. View Telecom Backup Power Selection