Nuwamba 20, 2025
Daga ɗaure da tara tara tanadi zuwa faɗuwar makamashi da nisantar shara, wannan labarin ya ruguje tushen ƙarancin farashi na rayuwa don sake sarrafa kwalta.
Abu na farko kuma mafi kai tsaye a cikin nazarin farashi na rayuwa shine tanadin bitumen binder. A cikin 0% RAP na al'ada cakude mai zafi, kowane tonne yana buƙatar kusan kilogiram 45-55 na sabon bitumen (dangane da ƙima da ƙira da abun ciki na bitumen). Lokacin da rejuvenator ya ba da damar hada 60% RAP, sabon amfani da bitumen za a iya rage shi zuwa kusan kilogiram 18-22 a kowace tonne - ajiyar kusan 60% akan sabon bitumen. A halin yanzu farashin bitumen na kusan yuan 3,000-4,000 akan kowace tonne, wannan kadai yana adana yuan 80-130 akan kowace tan na gauraya. Don aikin shimfida titin da ya kai tan 100,000, wannan abu guda ya tanadi yuan miliyan 8-13. Wannan adadi har yanzu bai haɗa da fitar da iskar carbon da rage yawan kuzari da ke zuwa ta amfani da ƙarancin bitumen ba.
Kimanin kashi 90-95% na yawan RAP shine jimillar (dutse, yashi, da filler), kuma waɗannan tarin, bayan sieving da grading bayan milling, ana iya amfani da su kai tsaye azaman tarawa a cikin sabbin gauraya. Idan aka kwatanta da jimlar budurwa, tara RAP tana adana farashi masu zuwa: na farko, farashin faɗuwa - gami da cikakkun kayan aiki da farashin aiki na fashewa, murkushewa, da dubawa; na biyu, farashin sufuri - hanya ko sufurin jirgin ƙasa daga kwalta zuwa shuka; na uku, farashin muhalli - gyare-gyaren muhalli da kuma kula da muhalli a wuraren da ake kira quaries, wanda ya tashi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan; na hudu, farashin lokaci - wadatar tarin budurwa yana da iyakancewa ta hanyar iyawar dutse da yanayin sufuri, yayin da tarin RAP yana nan da nan. A cikin jimlar, jimlar RAP ya fi 30-50% rahusa fiye da jimlar budurwa. Don cakuda tare da 60% abun ciki na RAP, jimillar tanadin farashi kusan yuan 20-40 akan kowace tonne.
Kamar yadda aka tattauna a baya, sake yin amfani da gauraya-dumi na rage yawan zafin jiki daga 170-190°C zuwa 120-140°C, yana ceton kusan kashi 30% na yawan man fetur. Dangane da yawan man da ake amfani da shi na kusan 30-40 MJ akan kowace ton na cakuduwar da farashin mai na kusan yuan 3-4 a kowace kilogiram (wanda aka ƙidaya a matsayin mai nauyi daidai), tanadin farashin mai ya kai yuan 15-25 akan kowace tan. Wannan adadin na iya zama kamar karama, amma idan aka ninka shi da ma'aunin aikin ton 100,000, ya kai yuan miliyan 1.5-2.5. Bugu da ƙari, rage yawan amfani da mai yana kawo fa'ida kai tsaye: a kasuwannin kasuwancin carbon, kowane ton na daidaitaccen rage fitar da iskar gas za a iya jujjuya shi zuwa ma'auni na iskar carbon. A farashin carbon na yanzu na kusan yuan 50-80 akan kowace ton na CO₂, aikin sake amfani da ton 100,000 zai iya samar da kusan yuan 500,000 zuwa 800,000 a cikin kudaden shiga na lamuni na carbon.
Idan ba a sake yin amfani da RAP ba, ana iya cika ta ne kawai. Farashin RAP na ƙasa ya haɗa da abubuwa da yawa: na farko, kuɗaɗen amfani da kissar ƙasa - ana caje su ta girma ko nauyi, kusan yuan 20-50 akan kowace tonne; na biyu, farashin sufuri - kudade don jigilar RAP daga wurin ginin zuwa wuraren da aka kwashe, tare da karuwar farashi tare da nisa; na uku, amfani da albarkatun ƙasa - RAP sharar ƙasa ya mamaye albarkatun ƙasa waɗanda ke ƙara ƙaranci a kusa da birane; na hudu, hatsarori na muhalli - tsoho bitumen a cikin RAP na iya sakin sinadarai na halitta yayin da ake zubar da ƙasa, yana haifar da haɗari ga ruwan ƙasa. Idan aka ƙidaya duk waɗannan kuɗaɗen, kuɗin zamantakewa na share fage na kowace ton na RAP ya kai yuan 50-100. Ta hanyar sake yin amfani da su, ana guje wa waɗannan farashin gaba ɗaya, ana fassara su zuwa fa'idodin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.
Binciken farashin tsarin rayuwa ba zai iya kallon farashin ginin farko kadai ba; Dole ne kuma a ƙididdige kuɗaɗen gyaran gini bayan gini da gyarawa. Pavement ta yin amfani da mai gyara yana nuna halaye da yawa waɗanda ke rage farashin kulawa na dogon lokaci. Na farko, tsawon gajiya rayuwa - na roba dawo da damar rejuvenated bitumen jinkirin micro-crack yaduwa a karkashin maimaita loading, mika manyan rehabilitation hawan keke daga na al'ada 8-10 shekaru zuwa 12-15 shekaru. Na biyu, ƙarfin juriya na lalacewar ruwa - hanyar sadarwa mai haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-uku tana ƙarfafa ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa a haɗin haɗin bitumen-aggregate, rage ramuka da tsiri da lalacewa ta hanyar ruwa. Na uku, mafi kyawun juriya na rutting - babban yanayin kwanciyar hankali na bitumen da aka sabunta ya fi yadda ake tsammani, kuma ci gaban rut yana da hankali. Tsawaita hawan keken kulawa yana nufin ƙunshe da ƙarancin ƙimar kulawa a duk tsawon lokacin rayuwa. Ƙididdiga mai sauƙi ya nuna cewa tsawaita tsarin sakewa daga shekaru 10 zuwa shekaru 15 yana rage yawan manyan gyare-gyare daga 2 zuwa 1 fiye da rayuwar zane na shekaru 30, yana adana daidai da 15-20% na farashin ginin farko daga wannan abu kadai.
Taƙaita abubuwan da ke sama daga hangen nesa-tonne-na-haɗe-haɗe, raguwar ceton farashi kamar haka: tanadin bitumen 80-130 yuan/ton; jimlar tanadi 20-40 yuan/ton; tanadin man fetur 15-25 yuan/ton; kudaden shiga bashi na carbon 5-10 yuan/ton; Nisantar ƙasƙan ƙasa yuan/ton 30-60 (wanda aka kwatanta a haɗa 60% RAP); Tsawaita sake zagayowar kulawa 10-20 yuan/ton (an yi shekara sama da zagayowar rayuwa na shekaru 30). Jimlar tanadi akan kowace tan: 160-285 yuan. Dangantakar da m farashin na al'ada zafi mix a kusan 400-500 yuan a kowace tonne, da ceto rabo ne game da 35-55%. Ƙididdiga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya (ta yin amfani da ƙananan iyaka na kowane abu): kimanin yuan 160 da aka ajiye a kowace tonne, rabon ceto kusan 35%. Ƙididdiga mai fa'ida (ta amfani da iyakar babba na kowane abu): kimanin yuan 285 da aka ajiye a kowace tan, adadin ceto kusan kashi 55%. A cikin aikin injiniya na ainihi, saboda tattalin arziƙin ma'auni da bambance-bambance a cikin ikon ciniki, cikakkiyar ceto yawanci yana cikin kewayon 25-40%. Wannan kewayon ƙididdiga ce mai ra'ayin mazan jiya dangane da bayanan farashi daga ainihin ayyukan gine-gine da yawa.
Ƙarƙashin ƙirar ƙirar farashi mafi ƙasƙanci na gargajiya, masu siye yawanci suna kwatanta farashin gini na farko kawai, suna yin watsi da bambance-bambancen farashin sake zagayowar rayuwa (LCC). Wannan tsarin kimantawa yana da matsala musamman a cikin ayyukan kwalta - saboda zaɓi tare da mafi ƙarancin farashi na farko (kamar 0% RAP hot mix) yawanci yana da ƙimar kulawa mafi girma bayan shekaru 5-10. Lokacin da ake kimantawa ta amfani da kuɗin sake zagayowar rayuwa, duk farashin dole ne a rangwame shi zuwa maƙasudin gama gari cikin lokaci don kwatantawa. Zaɓin ƙimar rangwame yana da mahimmanci: mafi girman ƙimar rangwame, ƙarancin ƙimar halin yanzu na farashi na gaba, da ƙarin fa'idodin zaɓi mara ƙarancin farashi. A cikin aikin injiniya, ana amfani da ƙimar rangwamen zamantakewa na 3-5% yawanci. A wannan rangwamen kuɗi, kodayake farashin farko na zaɓin sake yin amfani da shi ya ɗan fi na zaɓi mafi ƙasƙanci (musamman saboda ƙimar ƙari na rejuvenator), ajiyar kuɗin kulawa shekaru 10-15 daga baya ya sa jimlar ƙimar zaɓin sake amfani da ita ta ragu sosai fiye da na zaɓi na al'ada. Lokacin shirya takaddun takara, masu siye yakamata su buƙaci masu siyarwa a sarari don samar da nazarin farashi na rayuwa maimakon kwatanta ƙimar farko kawai.
Faɗa mana yanayin aikin ku da buƙatun ku, kuma za mu dace da mafita mai kyau kuma za mu ba da ƙima a cikin sa'o'i 24.
Samu Magana Kyauta3-in-1 kwalta rejuvenator (dumi mix + gyare-gyare + sabuntawa), RAP abun ciki> = 60% (mafi yawan 100%), hadawa zazzabi 120-140 ° C, gajiya rayuwa> = 85% sabon kwalta, m kudin 25-40% kasa. Danko 280mPa·s, filashi 231°C, yawa 0.96 g/cm³, ana samunsa a cikin 25 kg ko 1000 ganguna. Goyan bayan ƙididdiga na musamman akan buƙata kuma samar da rahotannin gwaji, tare da zaɓin ciniki na EXW/FOB/CIF/DDP.
Koyi game da zaɓin wakili na sabunta kwalta da zance →