Afrilu 15, 2020
A cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber da tsarin photovoltaic, duk abin da ya dogara da haske. Ko za a iya karɓar sigina daidai ana ƙaddara gaba ɗaya ta ikon gani. Mitar wutar gani (OPM) shine kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci don auna ƙarfin siginar gani - ba tare da shi ba, gwajin haɗin fiber yana kama da bugun bugun jini a cikin duhu.
A cikin sadarwar fiber da tsarin photovoltaic, duk watsa siginar ya dogara da haske. Kuma ƙarfin wannan hasken yana ƙayyade ko za a iya karɓar siginar daidai. Mitar wutar lantarki (OPM) ita ce kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci don auna ƙarfin siginar gani - ba tare da shi ba, gwajin haɗin fiber kamar rufe ido ne da zato.
Babban ka'idar ba ta da rikitarwa: mai gano hoto (yawanci InGaAs ko germanium photodiode) yana canza siginar gani na gani zuwa siginar lantarki, kuma kewayawa yana canza waɗanda zuwa karatun ƙarfin da aka bayyana a cikin dBm (decibel-milliwatts) ko μW (microwatts). dBm shine naúrar logarithmic: 0dBm = 1mW, -10dBm = 0.1mW, -30dBm = 0.001W. Ƙimar dBm ita ce tana ci gaba da karantawa ko da lokacin da ƙarfin gani ya cika umarni na girma - hanyar haɗin fiber tare da 0dBm watsa wutar lantarki da -25dBm yana karɓar iko yana da 25dB na attenuation, ma'ana sau 300 ƙasa da ƙarfi a mai karɓa, amma an bayyana shi azaman lamba ɗaya: 25.
OPM ba makawa ne a maimakon na zaɓi saboda yana aiki da ayyuka uku marasa lahani. Na farko, yana auna ikon fitarwa-gefen don tabbatar da hasken yana aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Na biyu, yana auna ikon shigarwar gefen-gefen don tabbatar da siginar tana sama da madaidaicin madaidaicin mai karɓa. Na uku, raguwar asarar haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa - mafi mahimmancin ma'auni guda ɗaya don tantance ingancin haɗin fiber. Tare, waɗannan ayyuka guda uku sun zama cikakken gwajin jiki na kowane hanyar haɗin fiber.
Kuskuren fahimtar juna shine cewa OPMs na dakunan gwaje-gwaje ne kawai. A gaskiya ma, injiniyoyin filin suna amfani da su yau da kullum - don karɓar fiber backhaul a tashoshin sadarwa na sadarwa, gwajin haɗin fiber a cibiyoyin bayanai, da kuma duba hanyar sadarwa ta fiber a tsire-tsire na PV. An ƙera PK56A musamman don amfani da filin, daidaita madaidaicin matakin dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da ɗaukar nauyi na hannu.
Lokacin zabar OPM, sigogi uku ne masu yanke hukunci. Samu kowane kuskure kuma sakamakon gwajin ba shi da inganci.
Na farko: tsawo. Haske a cikin fiber ba farin haske bane - Laser ne ko hasken LED a takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa. Tsawon igiyoyin sadarwar fiber gama gari sun haɗa da 850nm (multimode), 1310nm (yanayi ɗaya), 1550nm (yanayin ɗaya), da 1625nm (don gwajin tsarin DWDM). Dole ne a daidaita OPM a daidai tsayin raƙuman ruwa saboda amsawar mai ganowa ya bambanta da tsayin raƙuman ruwa - mai ganowa iri ɗaya na iya zama mai hankali sau biyu a 850nm kamar a 1550nm. Yin amfani da madaidaicin daidaitawa na 850nm don auna hasken 1550nm na iya samar da kashe karatun ta 20% ko fiye. PK56A yana goyan bayan saitunan tsayi bakwai da ke rufe 850nm zuwa 1625nm, wanda ya dace da tsayin raƙuman sadarwa na yau da kullun - babu rashin daidaituwar tsayin igiyoyin da za a damu a cikin filin.
Na biyu: iyakar wutar lantarki. Kewayo yana ƙayyade ƙarfin siginar haske da OPM zai iya aunawa. Ƙananan kewayon yana haɗarin lalata mai ganowa tare da haske mai ƙarfi; babban kewayo ba zai iya auna haske mai rauni ba. Ƙarfin gwaji na fili yawanci ya kai -70dBm zuwa +10dBm. -70dBm shine ƙananan ƙarancin hankali na yawancin masu karɓa; + 10dBm shine matsakaicin fitarwa na mafi yawan hanyoyin haske. Kewayon PK56A ya ƙunshi -70dBm zuwa +10dBm, wanda yayi daidai da mafi yawan yanayin filin.
Na uku: daidaito. Madaidaicin OPM yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman ± 0.1dB zuwa ± 0.3dB. ± 0.1dB yana nufin tsakanin kuskure 2% - ƙimar ƙima. ± 0.3dB yana nufin kusan kuskure 7% - isa ga mafi yawan karɓar aikin injiniya. Matsakaicin al'amura saboda idan OPM yana da daidaito ± 0.3dB kuma ƙayyadaddun aikin injiniya yana buƙatar kuskuren asarar hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin ± 0.5dB, OPM kaɗai yana lissafin 60% na kasafin kuɗin kuskuren da aka yarda, yana barin ƙaramin gefe don hanyar haɗin kanta.
Gwajin fiber na al'ada yana buƙatar na'urori da yawa: OPM don iko, alƙalami mai jan haske don wurin kuskure, da tushen haske don allurar siginar gwaji. PK56A yana haɗa duka ukun zuwa na'urar hannu guda ɗaya, kuma ainihin ƙimar sa shine duka-cikin-ɗaya.
Babban jikin PK56A shine OPM mai goyan bayan tsawon zango bakwai da -70dBm zuwa +10dBm kewayo. A saman wannan, yana da ginanniyar tushen haske mai haske (650nm) wanda ke cusa jan haske cikin fiber ta hanyar adaftar FC/UPC ko SC/UPC. Hasken ja yana aiki da manufar gani: lokacin da aka allurar jan haske a cikin fiber, idan an sami hutu a tsakiya, jajayen hasken yana fitowa a lokacin hutu kuma ya zama mai gani ga ido tsirara. Wannan yana da amfani musamman don magance masu tsalle-tsalle na fiber - babu buƙatar OTDR (na'urar da ke kashe dubun yuan). PK56A ɗaya ne kawai ke tantance ko mai tsalle yana da kyau.
PK56A kuma yana goyan bayan mu'amalar fiber na duniya. FC, SC, ST, LC, da sauran nau'ikan mu'amala suna tallafawa ta hanyar canza adaftar - babu buƙatar na'urori daban-daban kowane nau'in dubawa. A cikin filin, tsarin daban-daban suna amfani da musaya daban-daban - SC a cikin telecom, LC a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai, FC a cikin CATV - da kuma goyon bayan Multi-interface PK56A yana nufin na'ura ɗaya tana kula da duk yanayin yanayi.
A aikace, PK56A yana ƙara ƙima ta hanyar sauƙin aiki. Nunin sa yana nuna duka dBm da μW karatun lokaci guda, kuma kai tsaye yana nuna ko sakamakon gwajin yana cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai (PASS / WARNING / FAIL) - ba a buƙatar duba tebur na hannu. Yana adana sakamakon gwaji don kwatanta da bayanan tarihi.
A cikin aikin gwajin fiber filin, kurakurai da yawa suna haifar da asarar da ba dole ba. Fahimtar su yana hana matsaloli na gaske. Kuskure na farko shine rashin duba saitin tsayi kafin aunawa. Kamar yadda aka tattauna, maɓallan daidaitawa na OPM sun bambanta da tsawon zango. Saita madaidaicin igiyar igiyar ruwa 档位 yana samar da kashewa daga 10% zuwa 20%. Yawancin ma'aikatan filin, don ceton matsala, suna amfani da tsawon tsayi iri ɗaya don duk ma'auni - wannan na iya karkatar da 10% zuwa 20% lokacin auna 1310nm da 1550nm fiber yanayin guda ɗaya.
Kuskure na biyu shine yin watsi da tsaftar fuskar fiber. Dust, man, ko scratches a kan fiber karshen-fuskar (haši karshen-fuskar) haifar da karin saka asara da tunani, da kuma gwajin sakamakon iya misattribute karshen-fuskar gurbatawa kamar fiber link ingancin matsaloli. Hanyar duba kai mai sauƙi: kafin gwaji, duba ƙarshen fuska tare da ruwan tabarau mai girma. Idan ƙazantacce ne, a tsaftace tare da tsaftataccen sandar tsaftace fiber da kuma barasa mara ruwa kafin aunawa. Yawancin 'asarar hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta wuce ƙayyadaddun gazawa' suna warware kansu bayan tsaftacewar fuska.
Kuskure na uku shine gwada fiber daya kawai. A cikin hanyar haɗin fiber, yawanci akwai zaruruwa guda biyu - ɗaya don watsawa (Tx), ɗaya don karɓa (Rx). Asarar hanyar haɗin gwiwa na iya bambanta tsakanin su biyun. Gwaji ɗaya kawai da zana ƙarshe na iya rasa matsaloli tare da ɗayan. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce gwada duka biyu kuma kwatanta bambancin asarar. Idan bambance-bambancen ya wuce 3dB, fiber ɗaya na iya samun lankwasawa, murƙushewa, ko batutuwan ƙarewa.
Kuskure na hudu shine kasa yin rikodin bayanan gwaji. Bayanan OPM - watsa wutar lantarki, karɓar iko, asarar hanyar haɗin gwiwa - ya ƙunshi "rikodin lafiya" na hanyar haɗin fiber. Idan ba a yi rikodin bayanai ba bayan gwaji, lokacin da matsalolin haɗin gwiwa na gaba suka taso, babu wata hanyar da za a tantance ko "yana da kyau a da" ko "yana da matsaloli a baya." Hanyar da ta dace ita ce yin rikodin duk bayanai bayan kowane gwaji, adana ta lambar hanyar haɗin gwiwa, gina rikodin gwajin lokaci-lokaci.
Cikakken gwajin fiber ya wuce ikon aunawa kawai. Cikakken aikin yarda da hanyar haɗin fiber ya kamata ya haɗa da: gwajin wutar lantarki mai watsawa (tabbatar da fitowar hasken haske yana cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai), gwajin ƙarfin karɓar-gefe (tabbatar da siginar yana sama da hankalin mai karɓa), lissafin asarar haɗin gwiwa (rage biyun da kwatanta da ƙimar ƙira), dubawar ƙarshen fuskar fiber (tsafta da mutunci), da tabbatar da ci gaba da haske mai haske (tsalle da sauri).
Lokacin zabar kayan gwaji, farashin kawai bai kamata ya zama abin yanke hukunci ba. Na'urar da aka haɗa tare da duka OPM da tushen hasken ja (kamar PK56A) ya fi arha, mafi aminci, kuma mafi ƙarancin cin lokaci fiye da siyan OPM da alƙalamin haske daban daban. Babban darajar na'ura kamar PK56A ba daidaiton aunawa bane - shine ikon kammala cikakken ƙimar haɗin fiber a cikin mintuna 10 maimakon ɗaukar na'urori uku, canza musaya guda uku, da duba tebur uku.
Har ila yau, masu siye ya kamata su kula da cikakkun bayanai da sauƙi a manta da su a cikin kayan tallace-tallace: ko na'urar tana goyan bayan fitar da bayanai (don haɗin kai tare da tsarin sarrafa injiniya); ko masu adaftar fiber sun rufe nau'ikan haɗin gwiwar da ake amfani da su a fagen; ko ana goyan bayan dogon zango (1625nm, don gwajin tsarin DW na waje); kuma ko rayuwar baturi ta hadu da cikakken ranar amfani da filin. Waɗannan cikakkun bayanai suna tantance ko ana amfani da na'urar a zahiri ko kuma ta ƙare a manta a cikin aljihun tebur. View the PV Test Instruments Collection
Faɗa mana yanayin aikin ku da buƙatun ku, kuma za mu dace da mafita mai kyau kuma za mu ba da ƙima a cikin sa'o'i 24.
Samu Magana KyautaPK56A optical power meter, PK56B-E integrated OPM + red light source (2mW/5mW/10mW/20mW) — five series covering the complete needs from basic optical power testing to long-distance red-light fault location. Seven-wavelength coverage, multi-interface compatibility, wide-temperature design — designed for field testing and acceptance at PV plants, telecom base stations, and data centers.
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