Epril 15, 2020
Insait long ol 'fiber communications' na 'photovoltaic' sistem, olgeta samting i dipen long lait. Sapos ol i ken kisim wanpela signal stret o nogat, dispela i save kamap long 'optical power'. 'Optical power meter' (OPM) em i nambawan tul bilong skelim strong bilong 'optical signal' — sapos yu no gat dispela, 'fiber link testing' em i olsem yu pilim wanpela 'pulse' long tudak.
Insait long ol 'fiber communications' na 'photovoltaic' sistem, olgeta signal transmisen i dipen long lait. Na strong bilong dispela lait i save makim stret sapos ol i ken kisim stret dispela signal. 'Optical power meter' (OPM) em i nambawan tul bilong skelim strong bilong 'optical signal' — sapos yu no gat dispela, 'fiber link testing' em i olsem yu pasim ai bilong yu yet na tingim.
As tingting i no hatwok: wanpela 'photodetector' (planti taim em i wanpela 'InGaAs' o 'germanium photodiode') i save senisim ol 'insiden optical signals' i go long ol 'electrical signals', na 'circuitry' i save senisim ol dispela i go long ol 'power readings' we ol i soim long dBm (desibel-miliwatts) o μW (microwatts). dBm em i wanpela 'logarithmic unit': 0dBm = 1mW, -10dBm = 0.1mW, -30dBm = 0.001W. Value bilong dBm em olsem em i save mekim ol riding i stap isi maski optik pawa i karamapim ol oda bilong mak — wanpela faiba link wantaim 0dBm transmit pawa na -25dBm risiv pawa i gat 25dB bilong atenuesen, mining 300 taim liklik pawa long risiva, tasol ol i soim olsem wanpela namba tasol: 25.
OPM em i bikpela samting tru na i no opsenel bikos em i gat tripela wok we i no inap long daunim. Pastaim, em i skelim pawa bilong autput long sait bilong transmit long konfemim olsem lait sos i wok insait long 'spec'. Namba tu, em i skelim pawa bilong input long sait bilong risiva long konfemim olsem signal i stap antap long mak bilong sensitiviti bilong risiva. Namba tri, sapos yu rausim tupela samting, dispela bai kamapim lus bilong 'link' - em i wanpela bikpela samting bilong skelim gutpela bilong 'fiber link'. Tugeta, dispela tripela wok i kamapim wanpela ful fisikel eksaminesen bilong olgeta 'fiber link'.
Wanpela tingting kranki we planti manmeri i gat em olsem ol OPM em bilong ol laboratori tasol. Tru tumas, ol fil enjinia i save yusim ol long olgeta de — long kisim ol 'fiber backhaul' long ol 'telecom base stations', 'fiber interconnection testing' long ol data senta, na 'fiber communication link' sekim long ol PV plent. PK56A em ol i wokim bilong yusim long fil, na em i skelim gut wok bilong laboratori na pasin bilong holim long han.
Taim yu makim wanpela OPM, tripela paramita i bikpela samting. Sapos yu kisim wanpela rong na ol risal bilong tes i no stret.
Namba wan: wevlength. Lait insait long 'fiber' em i no waitpela lait - em i laser o LED lait long ol spesifik wevlength. Ol 'fiber communication wavelength' we ol i save yusim em 850nm (multimode), 1310nm (single-mode), 1550nm (single-mode), na 1625nm (bilong DWDM sistem testing). OPM i mas kalibret long stretpela wevlength档位 bikos 'detector responsivity' i save senis wantaim 'wavelength' - wankain ditekta inap long kisim tupela taim moa 'sensitive' long 850nm olsem long 1550nm. Sapos yu yusim 850nm kalibresen kev long skelim 1550nm lait, dispela inap long kamapim ol riding i go daun long 20% o moa. PK56A i sapotim 7-pela 'wavelength' seting we i karamapim 850nm i go inap 1625nm, we i wankain olsem ol 'mainstream communication wavelength' - nogat 'wavelength mismatch' long wari long en insait long fil.
Namba tu: pawa ranj. Dispela mak i makim hamas strong bilong lait signal OPM inap long skelim. Sapos em i liklik mak tumas, dispela inap long bagarapim 'detector' wantaim strongpela lait; bikpela mak tumas i no inap long skelim liklik lait. Fil tes optikal pawa i save stap namel long -70dBm i go inap long +10dBm. -70dBm em i liklik mak bilong 'sensitivity' bilong planti 'receiver'; +10dBm em i mak bilong planti lait sos. PK56A i karamapim -70dBm i go inap long +10dBm, na i wankain olsem planti fil senario.
Namba tri: stretpela pasin. OPM stretpela mak i save kamap olsem ±0.1dB i go inap ±0.3dB. ±0.1dB i min olsem insait long 2% asua — premium gret. ±0.3dB i min olsem 7% asua - inap long planti enjinia i ken kisim. Presisen em i bikpela samting bikos sapos wanpela OPM i gat ±0.3dB stretpela na enjiniaring spes i nidim 'link loss error' insait long ±0.5dB, OPM tasol i save kisim 60% bilong 'error budget' we ol i ken larim, na i no gat bikpela mak bilong link yet.
Pasin bilong skelim ol 'fiber' i nidim planti samting: wanpela OPM bilong kisim pawa, wanpela 'red-light pen' bilong painim 'fault', na wanpela lait bilong kisim 'test signal'. PK56A i bungim olgeta tripela insait long wanpela hanheld divais, na as tingting bilong en em long olgeta samting insait long wanpela.
Bikpela bodi bilong PK56A em i wanpela OPM we i sapotim 7-pela wevlength na -70dBm i go long +10dBm ranj. Antap long dispela, em i gat wanpela retpela lait sos (650nm) we i save putim retpela lait i go insait long 'fiber' long rot bilong FC/UPC o SC/UPC adapta. Retpela lait i save mekim wok bilong lukluk: taim ol i putim retpela lait i go insait long wanpela 'fiber', sapos i gat wanpela bruk long namel, retpela lait i save lik aut long dispela bruk na ai tasol i ken lukim. Dispela em i gutpela tru long stretim ol hevi bilong ol 'fiber jumper' — yu no nidim wanpela OTDR (optical time domain reflectometer, wanpela masin we i gat pe bilong planti tausen yuan). Wanpela PK56A tasol i save makim hariap sapos wanpela 'jumper' i gutpela o nogat.
PK56A i save sapotim tu ol 'universal fiber interfaces'. FC, SC, ST, LC, na ol narapela kain 'interface' i save kisim sapot long senisim ol 'adapter' — yu no nidim ol seperet divais long wanwan kain 'interface'. Insait long fil, ol narapela narapela sistem i yusim ol narapela narapela intafeis — SC long telekom, LC long ol data senta, FC long CATV — na PK56A i gat planti intafes sapot i min olsem wanpela divais i save lukautim olgeta senario.
Long praktis, PK56A i save putim gutpela samting long rot bilong mekim wok i kamap isi. Displei bilong en i soim tupela dBm na μW riding wantaim, na i soim stret sapos tes risal i stap insait long 'spec' (PASS / WARNING / FAIL) — yu no nidim long lukluk long tebol long han. Em i save putim ol tes risal bilong skelim wantaim ol data bilong bipo.
Long wok bilong testim ol 'fiber fiber', planti rong i save kamap planti taim na dispela i save kamapim ol lus we i no gat as bilong en. Taim yu kliagut long ol dispela samting, dispela i save pasim ol hevi tru. Namba wan rong em long no sekim 'wavelength' seting pastaim long skelim. Olsem yumi bin toktok long en, ol OPM kalibresen kev i save senis long wevlengt. Sapos yu putim rong wevlength档位 dispela i save kamapim ol riding i go daun long 10% i go inap 20%. Planti wokmanmeri long fil, long sevim hevi, i save yusim wankain wevlength档位 long olgeta mesamen — dispela inap long senis 10% i go long 20% taim ol i skelim 1310nm na 1550nm singel-mod faiba.
Namba tu rong em long noken tingim 'fiber end-face' klinpela. Das, oil, o ol mak long 'fiber end-face' (konektor end-fes) i save mekim na 'insertion loss' na 'reflection' i kamap, na ol tes risal i ken tok olsem 'end-face' kontaminesen em i hevi bilong 'fiber link' kwaliti. Wanpela isipela rot bilong sekim yu yet: pastaim long yu testim, sekim pes bilong en wantaim wanpela 'magnifying lens'. Sapos i doti, klinim wantaim wanpela 'fiber cleaning stick' na 'anhydrous alcohol' pastaim long yu skelim. Planti 'link loss exceeds spec' feil i save pinis bihain long ol i klinim pinis bilong en.
Namba tri rong em long traim wanpela 'fiber' tasol. Insait long wanpela 'fiber link', i gat tupela 'fiber' — wanpela bilong salim (Tx), wanpela bilong kisim (Rx). Link loss i ken senis namel long tupela. Sapos yu traim wanpela tasol na kisim ol konklusen, dispela inap long lusim hevi wantaim narapela. Stretpela rot em long traim tupela na skelim 'loss difference'. Sapos dispela i winim 3dB, wanpela 'fiber' i ken gat hevi long 'bending', 'crush', o 'termination'.
Namba foa rong em i no rekodim ol tes data. OPM data — salim pawa, kisim pawa, lus bilong link — em i "helt rekot" bilong wanpela 'fiber link'. Sapos ol i no rekodim data bihain long tes, taim ol hevi bilong link i kamap long bihain, i no gat rot long painimaut sapos "em i bin gutpela bipo" o "em i bin gat hevi bipo." Stretpela rot em long rekodim olgeta data bihain long wanwan tes, na putim long link namba, na wokim wanpela taim-siris tes rekot.
Gutpela tes bilong 'fiber' i go moa long skelim pawa tasol. Wanpela gutpela wokflo bilong kisim ol 'fiber link' i mas i gat: 'transmit-side power test' (i soim olsem lait sos autput i stap insait long 'spec'), 'received-side' pawa tes (i soim olsem signal i stap antap long 'receiver sensitivity'), 'link loss calculation' (rausim tupela na skelim wantaim ol 'design values'), 'fiber end-face' inspeksen (klinpela na gutpela), na 'red-light verification' (i no inap kamap hariap).
Taim yu makim ol samting bilong testim, prais tasol i no ken i stap olsem samting bilong skelim. Wanpela divais we i gat OPM na retpela lait sos (olsem PK56A) em i no gat bikpela pe, em i gutpela moa, na i no save kisim bikpela taim tumas olsem baim wanpela OPM na retpela lait pen wanwan. Bikpela samting bilong wanpela masin olsem PK56A em i no stretpela skelim — em i inap long pinisim ful 'fiber link assessment' insait long 10-pela minit na noken karim tripela divais, senisim tripela 'interface', na lukluk long tripela tebol.
Ol manmeri i baim ol samting i mas luksave tu long ol liklik samting we ol i no save luksave long en long ol maketing materiel: sapos dispela masin i sapotim data ekspot (bilong bungim wantaim ol enjiniaring menesmen sistem); sapos ol 'fiber adaptater' i karamapim ol kain 'interface' we ol i yusim long fil; sapos ol i sapotim ol longpela wevlength (1625nm, bilong DW sistem aut-long-ben tes); na sapos laip bilong bateri inap long wanpela ful de bilong yusim long fil. Ol dispela ditel i makim sapos ol i yusim tru dispela masin o ol i lusim tingting long en insait long wanpela drowa. View the PV Test Instruments Collection
Tokim mipela long projek senario na ol samting yu nidim, na mipela bai painim stretpela solusen na givim yu wanpela kwot insait long 24 aua.
Kisim wanpela fri kwotPK56A optical power meter, PK56B-E integrated OPM + red light source (2mW/5mW/10mW/20mW) — five series covering the complete needs from basic optical power testing to long-distance red-light fault location. Seven-wavelength coverage, multi-interface compatibility, wide-temperature design — designed for field testing and acceptance at PV plants, telecom base stations, and data centers.
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