Fiber Dodokpɔ ƒe Gɔmeɖosewo: Optical Power Meter — Nusita Wòhiã Vevie Na Fiber Kadodo Ðesiaɖe

Nu

Afɔfiɛ 15, 2020

Le fiber kadodowo kple fotovoltaic-mɔ̃wo me la, nusianu nɔ te ɖe kekeli dzi. Nenye be woate ŋu axɔ dzesi aɖe nyuie la, nukpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋusẽ koe kpɔae. Optical power meter (OPM) nye dɔwɔnu vevitɔ kekeake si wotsɔ dzidzea optical signal strength — ema manɔmee la, fiber link dodokpɔ le abe seselelãme na pulse le viviti me ene.

Nukpɔkpɔ ƒe Ŋusẽdzidzenu: Gɔmeɖose Gbãtɔ si Le Fiber Dodokpɔ Ŋu

Le fiber kadodowo kple fotovoltaic-mɔ̃wo me la, dzesiwo ƒe kaka ɖesiaɖe nɔ te ɖe kekeli dzi. Eye kekeli ma ƒe ŋusẽe afia tẽ nenye be woate ŋu axɔ dzesia nyuie. Optical power meter (OPM) nye dɔwɔnu vevitɔ kekeake si wotsɔ dzidzea optical signal ƒe ŋusẽ — ema manɔmee la, fiber link dodokpɔ le abe ŋkuléle ɖe ɖokuiwò ŋu kple akɔntabubu ene.

Gɔmeɖose vevitɔa mesesẽ o: fotoɖemɔ̃ (zi geɖe la, enye InGaAs alo germanium fotodiode) trɔa nukpɔkpɔ ƒe dzesi siwo dzɔna la wozua elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzesiwo, eye nutomemɔ̃a trɔa esiawo wozua ŋusẽxexlẽ siwo woɖena fiana le dBm (decibel-milliwatts) alo μW (microwatts) me. dBm nye logaritm ƒe xexlẽdzesi: 0dBm = 1mW, -10dBm = 0.1mW, -30dBm = 0.001W. Asixɔxɔ si le dBm ŋue nye be enaa nuxexlẽwo te ŋu xlẽna ne optical power spans orders of magnitude gɔ̃ hã — fiber link si me 0dBm transmit power kple -25dBm receive power le 25dB ƒe attenuation, si fia be ŋusẽ si le ʋɛ wu zi gbɔ zi 300 le receiver la gbɔ, gake woɖee fia abe xexlẽdzesi ɖeka ene: 25.

OPM la hiã vevie tsɔ wu be wòanye nusi woate ŋu awɔ le wo ɖokui si elabena ewɔa dɔ etɔ̃ siwo dzi womate ŋu aɖe akpɔtɔ o. Gbã la, edzidzea transmit-side output power tsɔ ɖo kpe edzi be kekelitsoƒea le dɔ wɔm le spec me. Evelia, edzidzea ŋusẽ si wotsɔ dea nu me le axa si woxɔna me tsɔ ɖoa ​​kpe edzi be dzesia le amesi xɔe ƒe seselelãme ƒe dzidzenu dzi. Etɔ̃lia, ne woɖe eve le kutsetsewo ƒe kadodo ƒe bu — ɖeka vevitɔ kekeake metric hena ʋɔnudɔdrɔ̃ fiber kadodo ƒe nyonyome. Ne wotsɔ dɔ etɔ̃ siawo ƒo ƒui la, wonyea ka ɖesiaɖe ƒe kadodo ŋuti dodokpɔ bliboe.

Nukpɔsusu totro si bɔ enye be nudokpɔƒewo koe OPM-wo nye. Le nyateƒe me la, agbledelawo zãa wo gbesiagbe — hena fiber backhaul xɔxɔ le telecom base stations, fiber interconnection dodokpɔ le data centers, kple fiber communication link checks le PV dɔwɔƒewo. Wotrɔ asi le PK56A ŋu koŋ na gbeadzi zazã, si da sɔ le nudokpɔƒe ƒe dzeside ƒe nyateƒetoto kple asi tsɔtsɔ yi teƒe bubu.

Nu Vevi Siwo Wogblɔ: Ƒutsotsoe ƒe Didime, Afisi Wòle, Kple Eƒe Nusɔsɔe — Ðeke Mate Ŋu Anye Vodada O

Ne èle OPM tiam la, parameter etɔ̃e nyea nyametsotso. Get any one wrong eye dodokpɔa me tsonuawo mesɔ o.

Gbãtɔ: ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime. Kekeli le fiber me menye kekeli ɣi o — enye laser alo LED kekeli le ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime tɔxɛwo me. Fiber kadodo ƒe ƒutsotsoe siwo bɔ dometɔ aɖewoe nye 850nm (multimode), 1310nm (ɖeka-nɔnɔme), 1550nm (ɖeka-nɔnɔme), kple 1625nm (na DWDM ɖoɖo dodokpɔ). Ele be woado OPM la ɖe ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime nyuitɔ dzi档位 elabena detektɔ ƒe ŋuɖoɖo toa vovo le ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime nu — detektɔ ma ke ateŋu ase veve zi gbɔ zi eve le 850nm me wu le 1550nm. 850nm calibration curve zazã atsɔ adzidze 1550nm kekeli ate ŋu ana nuxexlẽwo natsi 20% alo esi wu nenema. PK56A doa alɔ ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime ƒe ɖoɖo adre siwo xɔa 850nm vaseɖe 1625nm, si sɔ kple kadodo ƒe ƒutsotsoe veviwo — ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime ƒe masɔmasɔ aɖeke meli si ŋu woatsi dzi ɖo le agblea dzi o.

Evelia: ŋusẽ ƒe didime. Afisi kekeli ƒe dzesi sesẽ le si OPM ate ŋu adzidze. Afisi wòle sue akpa ate ŋu agblẽ nu le detector la ŋu kple kekeli sesẽ; didime si lolo akpa mate ŋu adzidze kekeli si gbɔdzɔ o. Field test optical power zi geɖe span -70dBm va ɖo +10dBm. -70dBm nye seselelãme ƒe seɖoƒe si le anyime na xɔla akpa gãtɔ; +10dBm nye kekelitsoƒe akpa gãtɔ ƒe keklẽ si sɔ gbɔ wu. PK56A ƒe didime xɔa -70dBm va ɖo +10dBm, si sɔ kple agbledeƒe ƒe nɔnɔme akpa gãtɔ.

Etɔ̃lia: nuwɔwɔ pɛpɛpɛ. Zi geɖe la, woɖea OPM ƒe nyateƒetoto fiana abe ±0.1dB va ɖo ±0.3dB ene. ±0.1dB fia be le 2% me vodada — premium grade. ±0.3dB fia vodada si ade 7% — si sɔ na mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔwɔ ƒe lɔlɔ̃ ɖe edzi akpa gãtɔ. Precision le vevie elabena ne OPM ƒe ±0.3dB ƒe nyateƒetoto le eye engineering spec bia be kadodo bu vodada le ±0.5dB me la, OPM ɖeɖe dzaa xɔa 60% le vodada ƒe gazazã si ŋu woɖe mɔ ɖo me, si gblẽa vovototo sue aɖe ɖi na kadodoa ŋutɔ.

PK56A: Mɔ̃ Ðeka Kpɔa Fiber Dodokpɔ ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Bliboe Dzi

Fiber dodokpɔ si wowɔna tsã bia mɔ̃ geɖe: OPM hena ŋusẽ, akaɖi dzĩ ƒe nuŋlɔti hena vodada ƒe teƒe, kple kekelitsoƒe hena dodokpɔ ƒe dzesi dodo. PK56A ƒoa wo ame etɔ̃awo katã nu ƒu ɖe asitelefon ɖeka me, eye eƒe asixɔxɔ vevitɔe nye be wòanye nusianu le ɖeka me.

PK56A ƒe ŋutilã vevitɔ nye OPM si doa alɔ ƒutsotsoe adre kple -70dBm va ɖo +10dBm ƒe didime. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, kekeli dzĩ (650nm) si wotu ɖe eme si doa kekeli dzĩ ɖe ka la me to FC/UPC alo SC/UPC adapterwo dzi. Akaɖi dzĩ la wɔa dɔ le nukpɔkpɔ me: ne wodo akaɖi dzĩ ɖe ka aɖe me la, ne dometsotso aɖe le titina la, akaɖi dzĩ la dona le gbagbãƒea eye ŋku dzro koe wòdzena. Esia ɖea vi ŋutɔ na fiber jumpers ƒe kuxiwo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ — mehiã be woatsɔ OTDR (optical time domain reflectometer, mɔ̃ si ƒe home nye yuan akpe ewo) o. PK56A ɖeka koe nyaa kaba nenye be titrila nyo.

PK56A hã doa alɔ xexeame katã ƒe ka ƒe ƒomedodowo. FC, SC, ST, LC, kple ŋgɔdonya ƒomevi bubuwo doa alɔe to asitɔtrɔ le adapterwo ŋu — mehiã be woawɔ mɔ̃ vovovowo le ŋgɔdonya ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe me o. Le agble me la, ɖoɖo vovovowo zãa ŋgɔdonya vovovowo — SC le telefonkadodo me, LC le nyatakakadzraɖoƒewo, FC le CATV me — eye PK56A ƒe ŋgɔdonya geɖe ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu fia be mɔ̃ ɖeka kpɔa nɔnɔmeawo katã gbɔ.

Le nuwɔna me la, PK56A tsɔa asixɔxɔ kpena ɖe eŋu to dɔwɔwɔ bɔbɔe me. Eƒe ɖeɖefia ɖea dBm kple μW nuxexlẽwo siaa fiana le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me, eye wòfiaa tẽ nenye be dodokpɔa me tsonu le spec (PASS / WARNING / FAIL) me — mehiã be woawɔ asi kplɔ̃ didi o. Edzraa dodokpɔ me tsonu ɖo be woatsɔ asɔ kple ŋutinya me nyatakakawo.

Vodada Ene Siwo Bɔ Le Gbeadzi Dodokpɔ Me

Le agble me ka dodokpɔ ƒe nuwɔna me la, vodada geɖe siwo wowɔna enuenu hea nusiwo bu madzemadzee vɛ. Wo gɔmesese xea mɔ na kuxi ŋutɔŋutɔwo. Vodada gbãtɔe nye be màlé ŋku ɖe ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime ƒe ɖoɖoa ŋu hafi adzidzee o. Abe alesi míedzro eme ene la, OPM ƒe dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ ƒe ʋuʋudediwo toa vovo le ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime nu. Ne èɖo ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime si mesɔ o la, enaa nuxexlẽwo tsia 10% va ɖo 20%. Agbledela geɖewo, be woaɖe kuxiwo ɖa la, zãa ƒutsotsoe ƒe didime ɖeka ma ke档位 na dzidzenuwo katã — esia ateŋu atra ɖa 10% va ɖo 20% ne wole 1310nm kple 1550nm single-mode fiber dzidzem.

Vodada eveliae nye be woaŋe aɖaba aƒu fiber ƒe nuwuƒe ƒe mo ƒe dzadzɛnyenye dzi. Ke, ami, alo ƒoƒo ɖe ka ƒe nuwuƒe (connector end-face) dzi nana be nusiwo wotsɔ de eme la bu wu eye wòdzena, eye dodokpɔ me tsonu ate ŋu agblɔ be ɖiƒoƒo si le nuwuƒe ƒe mo be enye ka ƒe kadodo ƒe nyonyome ƒe kuxiwo le mɔ gbegblẽ nu. Mɔnu bɔbɔe aɖe si dzi nàto alé ŋku ɖe ɖokuiwò ŋu: hafi nàdoe kpɔ la, tsɔ ŋkumeɖonu si lolona léa ŋku ɖe nuwuƒea ŋu. Ne eƒo ɖi la, tsɔ ka si wotsɔ klɔa nu ŋu kple aha si me tsi mele o klɔe hafi nàdzidzee. ‘Kadodo ƒe bu wu spec’ ƒe kpododonu geɖewo kpɔa wo ɖokui gbɔ le nuwuƒe mo kɔklɔ vɔ megbe.

Vodada etɔ̃liae nye ka ɖeka ko dodo kpɔ. Le fiber link me la, zi geɖe la, fiber eve nɔa anyi — ɖeka na transmit (Tx), ɖeka na receive (Rx). Kadodo ƒe bu ate ŋu ato vovo le wo ame evea dome. Ðeka ko dodo kpɔ kple nyataƒoƒo ate ŋu ato kuxi siwo le evelia ŋu me. Mɔnu nyuitɔe nye be woado evea siaa kpɔ eye woatsɔ vovototo si le nusiwo bu la asɔ kple wo nɔewo. Ne vovototoa wu 3dB la, ka ɖeka ate ŋu anye be eƒe bɔbɔ, eƒe ŋeŋe, alo eƒe nuwuwu ƒe nyawo.

Vodada eneliae nye be womete ŋu ŋlɔa dodokpɔ ŋuti nyatakakawo o. OPM nyatakakawo — ŋusẽ si woɖona ɖa, ŋusẽ xɔxɔ, kadodo ƒe bu — nye “lãmesẽ ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi” si le fiber kadodo aɖe me. Ne womeŋlɔ nyatakakawo ɖi le dodokpɔ vɔ megbe o la, ne kadodo ƒe kuxiwo do mo ɖa le etsɔme la, mɔ aɖeke meli si dzi woato anya ne “enyo do ŋgɔ” alo “kuxiwo nɔ eŋu do ŋgɔ o.” Mɔnu nyuitɔe nye be woaŋlɔ nyatakakawo katã le dodokpɔ ɖesiaɖe megbe, woadzra wo ɖo ɖe kadodo ƒe xexlẽdzesi nu, atu dodokpɔ ƒe nuŋlɔɖi si le ɣeyiɣi ƒe ɖoɖo nu.

Aɖaŋuɖoɖo Nyuiwo na Mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo ƒe Lɔlɔ̃ Ðe Edzi Kple Beléle Na Dɔwɔhawo

Fibre dodokpɔ blibo yi ŋgɔ wu ŋusẽ dzidzedze ko. Ele be fiber kadodo ƒe lɔlɔ̃ ɖe edzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bliboe nanye: ŋusẽ dodokpɔ le axadzi (si ɖo kpe edzi be kekelitsoƒe ƒe dodo le spec me), ŋusẽ dodokpɔ le axa dzi (si ɖo kpe edzi be dzesi le xɔla ƒe seselelãme dzi), kadodo ƒe bu ƒe akɔntabubu (ɖe eveawo ɖa eye wotsɔe sɔ kple aɖaŋu ƒe asixɔxɔwo), fiber ƒe nuwuwu mo me dzodzro (dzadzɛnyenye kple blibonyenye), kple akaɖi dzĩ ƒe yiyi ƒe kpeɖodzi (si woɖe asi le jumper ƒe vodadawo ŋu kaba).

Ne èle dodokpɔwɔnuwo tiam la, mele be asixɔxɔ ɖeɖeko nanye nusi atso nya me o. Mɔ̃ si wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae si me OPM kple akaɖi dzĩ siaa le (abe PK56A ene) ƒe asi bɔbɔ wu, kakaɖedzi le eŋu wu, eye mexɔa ɣeyiɣi boo o wu OPM kple akaɖi dzĩ ƒe nuŋlɔti ƒeƒle ɖe vovo. Asixɔxɔ vevitɔ si le mɔ̃ abe PK56A ene ŋu menye dzidzedze ƒe nyateƒetoto o — enye ŋutete si le esi be wòawu fiber kadodo ƒe dodokpɔ blibo nu le miniti 10 me tsɔ wu be nàtsɔ mɔ̃ etɔ̃, atrɔ ƒomedodo etɔ̃, eye wòalé ŋku ɖe kplɔ̃ etɔ̃ ŋu.

Ele be nuƒlelawo nalé ŋku ɖe nyatakaka siwo dzi woŋea aɖaba ƒuna bɔbɔe le asitsatsa ŋuti nuzazãwo me hã ŋu: nenye be mɔ̃a doa alɔ nyatakakawo ɖoɖo ɖe duta (hena ɖekawɔwɔ kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwo dzikpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo); nenye be fiber adapterwo tsyɔa interface ƒomevi siwo wozãna le agblea me dzi; nenye be wodo alɔ ƒutsotsoe didiwo (1625nm, na DW ɖoɖo ƒe dodokpɔ le haƒoha godo); kple nenye be batri ƒe agbenɔƒe sɔ kple ŋkeke bliboa ƒe gbeadzi zazã. Nyatakaka siawoe afia nenye be mɔ̃a va zu numame ŋutɔŋutɔ alo eva ŋlɔnɛ be mlɔeba le agbatsɔkeke me. View the PV Test Instruments Collection