Fibre Testing Fundamentals: The Optical Power Meter — Mun na a nafa ka bon fibre link bɛɛ la

Sariyasen

Awirilikalo tile 15, san 2020

Fibre communications ani photovoltaic systems kɔnɔ, fɛn bɛɛ bɛ bɔ yeelen de la. Ni taamasiyɛn dɔ bɛ se ka sɔrɔ ka ɲɛ, o bɛɛ bɛ dɔn ni ɲɛnayeli fanga ye. Optique power meter (OPM) ye baarakɛminɛn jɔnjɔn ye min bɛ se ka optique signal fanga suman — n’o tɛ, fibre link testing bɛ i n’a fɔ ka dusukunnataw sɔrɔ dibi la.

Optical Power Meter: Fibre sɛgɛsɛgɛli sariya fɔlɔ

Fibre communications ani photovoltaic systems kɔnɔ, taamasiyɛnw cicogo bɛɛ bɛ bɔ yeelen de la. Wa o yeelen fanga de b’a Jira k’a ɲɛsin a ma ni taamaʃyɛn bɛ Se ka Sɔrɔ cogo bɛnnen na. Optique power meter (OPM) ye baarakɛminɛn jɔnjɔn ye min bɛ se ka optique signal fanga suman — n’o tɛ, fibre link testing bɛ i n’a fɔ i ɲɛda datuguli ani ka jateminɛ kɛ.

Sariyakolo koloma tɛ gɛlɛn ye : fototalan (a ka c’a la, InGaAs walima jermani fotodiyɔdi) bɛ ɲɛnayeli taamasiɲɛ minnu bɛ kɛ, olu sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ kuran taamasiyɛnw ye, ani sɛrɛkili bɛ olu sɛmɛntiya ka kɛ fanga kalanni ye min bɛ jira dBm (desibɛli-miliwati) walima μW (mikɔrɔwati) la. dBm ye logaritmi ye : 0dBm = 1mW, -10dBm = 0,1mW, -30dBm = 0,001W. dBm nafa ye ko a bɛ kalanw to kalanni na hali ni ɲɛkisɛ fanga bɛ bonya hakɛ dantigɛ — fibre link ni 0dBm cikan fanga ani -25dBm sɔrɔli fanga bɛ 25dB dɔgɔya, o kɔrɔ ye ko fanga ka dɔgɔn siɲɛ 300 sɔrɔbaga la, nka a bɛ jira iko jateden kelen:

OPM ye fɛn ye min nafa ka bon sanni ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ se ka kɛ a yɛrɛ sago la bawo a bɛ baara saba kɛ minnu tɛ se ka dɔgɔya. Fɔlɔ, a bɛ transmit-side bɔli fanga suman walasa ka a jira ko yeelenbɔlan bɛ baara kɛ spec kɔnɔ. Filanan, a bɛ jaabi-kɛrɛfɛ donna fanga suman walasa k’a Jira ko taamaʃyɛn bɛ sɔrɔbaga ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli-dakun sanfɛ. Sabanan, ka sɔrɔ fila bɔ ɲɔgɔn na jɛɲɔgɔnya bɔnɛ — o ye mɛtɛrɛ kelen ye min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ walasa ka fiyɛri jɛɲɔgɔnya jogo jateminɛ. O baara saba ninnu faralen ɲɔgɔn kan, u bɛ kɛ farikolo sɛgɛsɛgɛli dafalen ye fibre link kelen-kelen bɛɛ la.

Miiriya jugu min bɛ sɔrɔ mɔgɔw fɛ, o ye ko OPMw ye laboratuwariw dɔrɔn de ta ye. Tiɲɛ na, foro injiniyɛriw bɛ baara kɛ n’u ye don o don — walasa ka fibre backhaul sɔnni kɛ telefɔni basigiyɔrɔw la, ka fiyɛri jɛɲɔgɔnya sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ kunnafonidilanw na, ani fiyɛri kumaɲɔgɔnya jɛɲɔgɔnya sɛgɛsɛgɛli PV iziniw kɔnɔ. PK56A dabɔra kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la foro baara kama, a bɛ laboratuwari-kalan kɛcogo ɲuman ni bololabaarakɛminɛnw tacogo bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma.

Fɛn minnu ɲɛfɔlen don kosɛbɛ: Wavelength, Range ani Precision — U si tɛ se ka kɛ fili ye

Ni OPM dɔ sugandira, paramɛtiri saba de ye ko latigɛlen ye. Get any one wrong ani sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabiw tɛ tiɲɛ ye.

Fɔlɔ: jikuruw janya. Yeelen min bɛ fibre kɔnɔ, o tɛ yeelen finman ye — a ye laser walima LED yeelen ye min bɛ kɛ ni jikuru kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw ye. Fibre kumaɲɔgɔnya bɔgɔdaga minnu bɛ sɔrɔ tuma caman na, olu ye 850nm (multimode), 1310nm (mode kelen), 1550nm (mode kelen), ani 1625nm (DWDM sitɛmu sɛgɛsɛgɛli kama). OPM ka kan ka jateminɛ ni jikuruw janya bɛnnen ye档位 bawo detektɛri jaabi bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta ni jikuru janya ye — o detektɛri kelen bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ siɲɛ fila 850nm la ka tɛmɛ 1550nm kan. Ni baara kɛra ni 850nm jateminɛ kuru ye walasa ka 1550nm yeelen suman, o bɛ se ka kalanw bɔ ni 20% ye walima ka tɛmɛ o kan. PK56A bɛ dɛmɛ don jikuru wolonwula sigicogo la minnu bɛ 850nm fo 1625nm, ka bɛn kumaɲɔgɔnya jikuruba ma — jikuruw janya bɛnbaliya si tɛ hami foro kɔnɔ.

Filanan: fanga hakɛ. O yɔrɔ bɛ yeelen taamasiyɛn barikama jira OPM bɛ se ka min suman. Ni yɔrɔ ka dɔgɔ kojugu, o bɛ farati la ka detektɛri tiɲɛ ni yeelen barikama ye; yɔrɔ min ka bon kojugu, o tɛ se ka yeelen barikama suman. Foro sɛgɛsɛgɛli ɲɛkisɛ fanga bɛ se ka kɛ -70dBm fo +10dBm ye. -70dBm ye sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛla fanba ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli dan dɔgɔman ye; +10dBm ye yeelenbɔlan fanba bɔli hakɛ cayalenba ye. PK56A hakɛ bɛ -70dBm fo +10dBm, o bɛ bɛn foroko kɛcogo fanba ma.

Sabanan: fɛn tigitigiw. OPM tiɲɛni bɛ jira cogoya la ni ±0,1dB fo ±0,3dB ye. ±0,1dB kɔrɔ ye fili 2% kɔnɔ — premium grade. ±0,3dB kɔrɔ ye fili 7% ɲɔgɔn ye — o bɛ bɛn ɛntɛrinɛti sɔnni fanba ma. Tiɲɛni nafa ka bon bawo ni OPM dɔ ka tiɲɛni ye ±0,3dB ye ani ni ɛntɛrinɛti spec bɛ fili bɔnɛni ɲini ±0,5dB kɔnɔ, OPM kelen de bɛ 60% kɛ fili baarakɛnafolo la min bɛ se ka kɛ, o bɛ danfara dɔɔnin to jɛgɛn yɛrɛ la.

PK56A: Minɛn kelen bɛ Fibre sɛgɛsɛgɛli baarakɛcogo dafalen datugu

Laadalata fiyɛri sɛgɛsɛgɛli tun bɛ minɛn caman de wajibiya: OPM fanga kama, yeelen bilenman sɛbɛnnikɛlan min bɛ fili yɔrɔ jira, ani yeelenbɔlan min bɛ kɛ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli taamasiɲɛ pikiri kɛ. PK56A bɛ o saba bɛɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka kɛ bololafɛn kelen ye, wa a nafa jɔnjɔn ye ka kɛ fɛn bɛɛ ye kelen ye.

PK56A farikoloba ye OPM ye min bɛ 'sèn wolonwula Dɛmɛ ani -70dBm fo +10dBm 'kɔnɔ. O san fɛ, yeelenbɔlan bilenman dɔ b’a kɔnɔ (650nm) min bɛ yeelen bilenman pikiri kɛ fiɲɛ na FC/UPC walima SC/UPC adapteurs fɛ. Yeelen bilenman bɛ baara kɛ ni yecogo ye: ni yeelen bilenman pikirila fiɲɛ dɔ la, ni kari bɛ a cɛmancɛ la, yeelen bilenman bɛ bɔ kari yɔrɔ la, ka kɛ ɲɛ ye. O nafa ka bon kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la fibre jumperw gɛlɛyaw ɲɛnabɔli la — mago tɛ OTDR (optical time domain reflectometer, minɛn min musaka ye yuan ba tan ye). PK56A kelen dɔrɔn de bɛ teliya k’a dɔn ni tɛmɛbaga ka ɲi.

PK56A fana bɛ diɲɛ bɛɛ ka fibre interfaces dɛmɛ. FC, SC, ST, LC, ani ɲɔgɔndan suguya wɛrɛw bɛ dɛmɛ ni adapɛri caman cili ye — mago tɛ minɛn danfaralenw na ɲɔgɔndan suguya kelen-kelen bɛɛ la. Foro la, sitɛmu suguya wɛrɛw bɛ baara kɛ ni ɲɔgɔndan suguya wɛrɛw ye — SC telefɔniko la, LC kunnafonidilanw na, FC CATV kɔnɔ — wa PK56A ka kunnafonidilan caman dɛmɛni kɔrɔ ye ko minɛn kelen bɛ ko kɛlenw bɛɛ ɲɛnabɔ.

Tiɲɛ na, PK56A bɛ nafa dɔ fara a kan baarakɛcogo nɔgɔyali fɛ. A jiralan bɛ dBm ni μW kalanni fila bɛɛ jira waati kelen na, wa a b’a jira k’a ɲɛsin a ma ko sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabi bɛ spec kɔnɔ (PASS / WARNING / FAIL) — bolola tabali ɲinini tɛ wajibiya. A bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabiw mara walasa ka u suma ni tariku kunnafoniw ye.

Foro kɔrɔbɔli fili naani minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na

Foro kɔnɔ fiyɛri sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛcogo la, fili damadɔ minnu bɛ segin-ka-bɔ, olu bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka bɔnɛ kunntanw lase mɔgɔ ma. U faamuyali bɛ gɛlɛya lakikaw bali. Misali fɔlɔ ye ka wavelength setting (wavelength setting) lajɛ ka sɔrɔ ka sumani kɛ. I n’a fɔ a ɲɛfɔra cogo min na, OPM kalibreli kuruw bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta ka kɛɲɛ ni jikuruw janya ye. Ni i ye bɔgɔdaga jugu sigi档位, o bɛ kalanw Bɔ ni 10% fo 20% ye. Foro baarakɛla caman, walasa ka gɛlɛyaw kisi, u bɛ baara kɛ ni jikuruw janya kelen ye档位 sumanikɛlanw bɛɛ la — o bɛ se ka bɔ 10% fo 20% ni sumanikɛlan 1310nm ani 1550nm fibre kelen-kelen.

Misali filanan ye ka fiyɛri laban ɲɛda saniyali jateminɛn. Bugun, tulu walima sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ minnu bɛ fiyɛri laban ɲɛda la (connecteur end-face) bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka doncogo bɔnɛ ni a jiracogo wɛrɛ lase a ma, wa sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabiw bɛ se ka laban ɲɛda nɔgɔli jate cogo jugu la i n’a fɔ fiyɛri jɛɲɔgɔnya jogo gɛlɛyaw. Yɛrɛlajɛ fɛɛrɛ nɔgɔman dɔ : sani aw ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ, aw bɛ a laban ɲɛda lajɛ ni lensɛri ye min bɛ a bonya. Ni a nɔgɔlen don, aw bɛ a saniya ni fiɲɛ saniyalan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen ye ani dɔlɔ min tɛ ji la sani aw ka a suman. ‘Link loss exceeds spec’ dɛsɛ caman bɛ ɲɛnabɔ u yɛrɛ ye ɲɛda laban saniyalen kɔfɛ.

Misali sabanan ye ka fiɲɛ kelen dɔrɔn de kɔrɔbɔ. Fibre link kɔnɔ, a ka c’a la, fibre fila bɛ yen — kelen ye transmit (Tx) ye, kelen ye receive (Rx) ye. Jɛɲɔgɔnya bɔnɛ bɛ se ka danfara don u fila ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ. Ka kelen dɔrɔn kɔrɔbɔ ani ka dantigɛli kɛ, o bɛ se ka gɛlɛyaw bɔ tɔ kelen na. Fɛɛrɛ ɲuman ye ka u fila bɛɛ kɔrɔbɔ ani ka bɔnɛ danfara suma ɲɔgɔn na. Ni danfara tɛmɛna 3dB kan, fiyɛri kelen bɛ se ka kɛ ni kurukuruni, a sɔgɔli walima a dabilako ye.

Misali naaninan ye ka dɛsɛ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kunnafoniw sɛbɛn. OPM kunnafoniw — fanga cili, fanga sɔrɔli, jɛgɛnsira bɔnɛ — o bɛ kɛ fiyɛri jɛgɛnsira “kɛnɛya sɛbɛn” ye. Ni kunnafoniw ma sɛbɛn kɔrɔbɔli kɔfɛ, ni jɛɲɔgɔnya nataw gɛlɛyaw nana, cogo si tɛ yen k’a dɔn ni “a tun ka ɲi fɔlɔ” walima “a tun bɛ gɛlɛyaw la ka kɔrɔ.” Fɛɛrɛ ɲuman ye ka kunnafoniw bɛɛ sɛbɛn sɛgɛsɛgɛli kelen-kelen bɛɛ kɔfɛ, k’u mara ka kɛɲɛ ni jɛgɛn nimɔrɔ ye, ka waati-dafalen sɛgɛsɛgɛli sɛbɛn jɔ.

Ladilikan nafamaw ka ɲɛsin Ɛntɛrinɛti sɔnni ni ladonni jɛkuluw ma

Fibre sɛgɛsɛgɛli bɛɛ lajɛlen tɛ tɛmɛ fanga sumani dɔrɔn kan. Fibre link sɔnni baarakɛcogo dafalen ka kan ka kɛ ninnu ye: transmit-side power test (ka a jira ko yeelenbɔyɔrɔ bɔli bɛ spec kɔnɔ), receive-side power test (ka a jira ko taamasiyɛn bɛ receiver sensitivity sanfɛ), link bɔnɛ jatebɔ (ka o fila bɔ ani ka u suma ni design values ​​ye), fibre end-face inspection (saniya ni dafalenya), ani red-light continuity verification (ka teliya ka jumper filiw bɔ kɛnɛ kan).

Ni aw bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛminɛnw sugandi, sɔngɔ dɔrɔn man kan ka kɛ fɛn ye min bɛ a latigɛ. Minɛn min bɛ ɲɔgɔn na ni OPM ni yeelenbɔlan bilenman fila bɛɛ ye (i n’a fɔ PK56A) o sɔngɔ ka dɔgɔ, a bɛ se ka da a kan, wa a tɛ waati caman ta ka tɛmɛ OPM ni yeelen bilenman sɛbɛnnikɛlan sanni kan u danma. Minɛn min bɛ i n’a fɔ PK56A, o nafa jɔnjɔn tɛ sumanikɛcogo ɲuman ye — o ye se ka fiyɛri jɛɲɔgɔnya jateminɛ dafalen kɛ miniti 10 kɔnɔ sanni ka minɛn saba ta, ka ɲɔgɔndan saba Changer, ka tabali saba lajɛ.

Sannikɛlaw fana ka kan k’u janto kunnafoni fitininw na minnu bɛ ye nɔgɔya la feerelikɛminɛnw kɔnɔ : ni minɛn in bɛ kunnafoniw bɔli dɛmɛ (walasa ka don ɲɔgɔn na ni ɛntɛrinɛti ɲɛnabɔli siratigɛw ye); ni fibre adaptateurs bɛ interface suguya minnu bɛ kɛ foro kɔnɔ, olu datugu; ni jikuru janw (1625nm, ka ɲɛsin DW sitɛmu sɛgɛsɛgɛli ma min tɛ bandi kɔnɔ) bɛ dɛmɛ; ani ni batiri si bɛ bɛn foro baara tile kuuru ma. O kunnafoniw b’a jira ni minɛn in bɛ deli tiɲɛ na walima ni a bɛ laban ka ɲinɛ fɛn dɔ kɔ fɛnmarayɔrɔ dɔ kɔnɔ. View the PV Test Instruments Collection