Ñalnde 15 abriil hitaande 2020
E nder jokkondiral fibre e njuɓɓudi fotowoltaaji, huunde fof fawii ko e annoore. So tawii maande ina waawi jaɓeede no moƴƴi, ko doole optik tan anndi ɗum. Miijo doole optik (OPM) ko kuutorgal ɓurngal yuumtude ngam fooɗtude semmbe signal optik — so ɗum alaa, jarribo jokkondire fibre ina wayi no nanngude pulse e nder niɓɓere.
E nder jokkondiral fibre e njuɓɓudi fotowoltaaji, denndaangal jokkondire maandeeji fawii ko e annoore. Kadi doole ndeen annoore ina toɗɗii no feewi so tawii maande ndee ina waawi jaɓeede no haanirta nii. Miijo doole optik (OPM) ko kuutorgal ɓurngal yuumtude ngam fooɗtude semmbe signal optik — so ɗum alaa, jarribo jokkondire fibre wayi ko no ɓuuɓnude hoore maa e teskaade.
Kuulal kuuɓtodinngal ngal wonaa huunde weeɓnde : fotodetektoor (ko ɓuri heewde ko InGaAs walla fotodiyode germanium) ina wayla maandeeji optik keɓtinaaɗi ɗii e maandeeji kuuɓtodinɗi, cirƴam ɗam ina wayla ɗi e jaŋte doole peeñɗe e dBm (desibel-miliwatt) walla μW (mikrowatt). dBm ko yuɓɓo loowdi : 0dBm = 1mW, -10dBm = 0,1mW, -30dBm = 0,001W. Nafoore dBm ko wonde ina jokki janngeede hay so doole optik ina njahdi e jamirooje mawneeki — jokkondire fiɓnde jogiiɗe doole 0dBm jokkondire e doole jaɓɓugol -25dBm ina njogii 25dB ustaare, ɗum firti ko doole ɓurɗe famɗude laabi 300 to jaɓɓoowo, kono hollirtee ko limoore wootere : 25.
OPM ko huunde nde fotaani wonde, wonaa cuɓagol sabu ina gollina golle tati ɗe ustataako. Ko adii fof, ina fotnoo doole yaltooje bannge transmit ngam tabitinde ƴoogirde annoore ina golloo e nder spec. Ɗiɗaɓere, ina fotnoo doole naatgol bannge jaɓɓoowo ngam tabitinde wonde maande ndee ina woni dow ŋorol sensitivite jaɓɓoowo oo. Tataɓol, ittude geɗe ɗiɗi ɗee ina addana en majjude jokkondire — ko metrik gooto ɓurɗo teeŋtude ngam ñaawde kalite jokkondire fiber. Ɗee golle tati fof kawri, ko ƴeewndo timmungo ɓanndu kala jokkondire fiɓnde.
Miijo ngo heewɓe cikkata ko wonde OPM ko ngam laboratuwaaruuji tan. E goonga, innjiniyankooɓe ladde ina kuutoroo ɗe ñalnde kala — ngam jaɓde fibre backhaul to nokkuuji telecom, jarribooji jokkondiral fibre to nokkuuji dokke, e ƴeewndo jokkondiral fibre to nokkuuji PV. PK56A ko feewti e kuutoragol ladde, balancing laboratuwaar-grade laaɓal e portability junngo.
So a suɓiima OPM, ko parametruuji tati pellital. Heɓde kala ko boni e njeñtudi jarribo ngoo ina selli.
Arano oo : njuuteendi ɓoggi. Annoore nder fiɓnde wonaa annoore daneere — ko annoore laser walla LED e njuuteendi ɓoggi keertiiɗi. Njuuteeki ɓoggi jokkondiral fiɓnde ɓurnde heewde ina waɗi 850nm (modeeji keewɗi), 1310nm (modeeji gooti), 1550nm (modeeji gooti), e 1625nm (ngam jarribaade njuɓɓudi DWDM). OPM ina foti kalibreede e njuuteendi ɓoggi 档位 sabu jaabawol detektor ina seerti e njuuteendi ɓoggi — detektor gooto ina waawi ɓurde laabi ɗiɗi sensitive e 850nm e 1550nm. Huutoraade 850nm njuuteendi kalibraasiyoŋ ngam fooɗtude 1550nm annoore ina waawi waɗde janngugol off 20% walla ko ɓuri ɗum. PK56A ina wallita e njuuteendi ɓoggi jeeɗiɗi kuutortooɗi 850nm haa 1625nm, nannduɗi e njuuteendi ɓoggi jokkondirɗe mawɗe — alaa ko nanndi e njuuteendi ɓoggi ngam suusde e nder ladde.
Ɗiɗaɓere : doole njuuteendi. Dingiral ngal ina hollita no tiiɗiri signal annoore ngal OPM waawi fotde. Range tokooso ina waawi bonnude detektor oo e annoore tiiɗnde ; dingiral mawngal no feewi waawaa fooɗtude annoore leelnde. Doole optik jarribo ladde ina keewi yahde -70dBm haa +10dBm. -70dBm woni keerol les ngol ko ɓuri heewde e jaɓɓotooɓe ; +10dBm woni yaltoore ɓurnde mawnude e ko ɓuri heewde e ƴulɓe. PK56A ina waɗi -70dBm haa +10dBm, ina hawra e ko ɓuri heewde e senaareeji ladde.
Tataɓol : laaɓal. Ko ɓuri heewde e OPM ko ±0.1dB haa ±0.3dB. ±0.1dB firti ko e nder 2% boowal — tolno ɓurɗo mawnude. ±0.3dB firti ko hedde 7% boowal — ina heddinoo e ko ɓuri heewde e jaɓgol injiniyaagal. Laaɓndal ina haani sabu so OPM ina jogii ±0.3dB laaɓal e spec injiniyaagal ina ɗaɓɓi boowal majjere jokkorde e nder ±0.5dB, OPM tan ina jogii 60% e bidsee majjere aawnaande, tawa ina heddii marge seeɗa wonande jokkorde ndee e hoore mum.
Fooyre fiɓnde aadaaji ina ɗaɓɓi kaɓirɗe keewɗe : OPM ngam doole, pentol boɗewol ngam nokku ɗo boowal woni ɗoo, e ƴoogirde annoore ngam injection signal jarriborɗo. PK56A ina renndini ɗee tati fof e nder kaɓirgal gootal, nafoore mum mawnde ko wonde huunde fof e nder gootal.
Ɓanndu mawndu PK56A ko OPM ballitoowo njuuteendi ɓoggi jeeɗiɗi e -70dBm haa +10dBm. Dow ɗuum, ina waɗi ƴulɓe boɗeeje mahraaɗe (650nm) ina mbaɗa ƴulɓe boɗeeje e nder fiɓnde ndee rewrude e adapteeruuji FC/UPC walla SC/UPC. Annoore boɗeere ndee ina waɗi faandaare yiytude : so annoore boɗeere ndee naatii e fiɓnde, so tawii ko ɓuuɓri hakkunde, annoore boɗeere ndee yaltata ko e ɓuuɓri ndii, yiyee e gite. Ɗuum ina teskaa e ƴellitde caɗeele juumtuɓe fiɓnde — alaa ko haani e OTDR (reflektomeeter domen waktu optik, kaɓirgal njoɓata ujunnaaje ujunnaaje yuan). PK56A gooto tan ina yaawi anndude so tawii jumper ina moƴƴi.
PK56A ina wallita kadi e jokkondire fiɓnde winndereyankoore. FC, SC, ST, LC, e sifaaji jokkorgal goɗɗi ina mballita e waylude adapteeruuji — alaa ko haani e kaɓirɗe ceertuɗe e sifaa jokkorgal kala. E nder ladde, njuɓɓudiiji ceertuɗi ina kuutoroo jokkorɗe ceertuɗe — SC e nder telekom, LC e nder nokkuuji dokke, FC e nder CATV — e ballal jokkorɗe keewɗe PK56A firti ko kaɓirgal gootal ina jogoo denndaangal senaareeji.
E nder golle, PK56A ina ɓeyda nafoore rewrude e hoybinde golle. Kollitgol maggol ina hollita janngugol dBm e μW fof e sahaa gooto, kadi ina hollita to bannge toŋngoode so tawii njeñtudi jarribo ngoo ina woni e nder spec (PASS / WARNING / FAIL) — alaa ko ƴeewte tabalde e junngo njiɗaa. Ina moofta njeñtudi jarribo ngam ƴeewndaade e dokke daartol.
E nder golle jarribooje fiɓnde ladde, majjere keewnde rewrude e majjere nde alaa nafoore. Famde ɗe ina haɗa caɗeele goonga. Juumre adannde ndee ko ƴeewtaade njuuteendi ɓoggi hade mum fotde. No yeewtiraa nii, mbaydiiji kalibraasiyoŋ OPM ina ceerti e njuuteendi ɓoggi. Setting njuuteendi ɓoggi 档位 mo moƴƴaani ina addana janngugol ngol 10% haa 20%. Heewɓe e gollotooɓe e nder ladde, ngam hisnude caɗeele, ina kuutoroo njuuteendi ɓoggi gooti 档位 ngam denndaangal peeje — ɗum ina waawi ustaade 10% haa 20% so fotde 1310nm e 1550nm fibre mode gooto.
Juumre ɗiɗmere ndee ko yejjiteede e laaɓal fiber end-face. Dust, nebam, walla ɓuuɓri e dow fibre end-face (jokkondiral end-face) ina addana ɓeydaare naatgol e miijo, e njeñtudi jarribo ina waawi misattribute end-face contamination no caɗeele kalite jokkondire fibre. Laawol ƴeewndo hoore mum koolkisagol : hade ƴeewndaade, ƴeewto-ɗaa yeeso timmungo ngoo e lens mawninoowo. So tawii ko dirtuɗo, laɓɓin e sawru laɓɓinoowo fiɓnde keeriiɗo e alkol mo alaa ndiyam hade maa fotde. Heewɓe e 'link loss ɓuri spec' ŋakkeende safrude koye mum en caggal laɓɓingol yeeso timmungo.
Juumre tataɓere ndee ko ƴeewde fiɓnde wootere tan. E nder jokkondire fiɓnde, ina heewi fiɓndeeji ɗiɗi — gooto ngam neldude (Tx), gooto ngam jaɓde (Rx). Losko jokkondire ina waawi seertude hakkunde ɗiɗo ɓee. Hoolkisaade gooto tan e ƴettude ciimtol ina waawi waasde caɗeele e goɗɗo oo. Laawol moƴƴol ko ƴeewde ɗiɗo fof e ƴeewndaade ceerungal majjugol ngol. So tawii ceerungal ngal ɓurii 3dB, fiɓnde wootere ina waawi jogaade caɗeele ɓuuɓɗe, ɓuuɓɗe, walla joofgol.
Juumre nayaɓere ndee ko waasde winndude dokke jarribooje. Doggi OPM — neldude doole, jaɓde doole, majjude jokkondire — ko “kaayitaaji cellal” jokkondire fiɓnde. So tawii doosɗe ɗee mbinndaaka caggal jarribo, nde caɗeele jokkondire garooje ɗee ngari, alaa fof no mbaawirten anndude so tawii “ina moƴƴi ko adii” walla “ina joginoo caɗeele ko adii.” Laawol laaɓtungol ko winndude denndaangal dokke caggal kala jarribo, arsiif e limoore jokkorde, mahde winndannde jarribo limto sahaa.
Fooyre fiɓnde kuuɓtodinnde ina yaaji e fotde doole tan. Golle jaɓgol jokkondire fibre timmuɗe ina poti wonde : jarribo doole bannge neldugol (tabitingol yaltoore ƴoogirde annoore ina woni e nder spec), jarribo doole bannge jaɓɓugol (tabitingol maande ina woni dow sensitivite jaɓɓotooɗo), hiisa majjugol jokkondire (ittude ɗiɗo ɓee e nannditinde ɗum en e nafooje diisnondiral), ƴeewndo fibre joofnirde yeeso (laɓɓingol e jokkugol red).
So a suɓiima kaɓirɗe jarriborɗe, coggu tan fotaani wonde ngoƴa. Kaɓirgal kuutorteengal e OPM e lampa boɗeewa (hono PK56A) ɓuri hoybude, ɓuri hoolaade, tee ina famɗi no feewi waktuuji so soodde pentol OPM e lampa boɗeewa ceertuɗi. Nafoore mawnde kaɓirgal hono PK56A wonaa laaɓal fotde — ko mbaawka timminde ƴeewndo jokkondire fiɓnde timmunde e nder hojomaaji 10 e nokku ɗo kaɓirɗe tati njogori nawde, waylude jokkondire tati, e ƴeewde dow taƴe tati.
Soodooɓe ina poti kadi waɗtude hakkillaaji mum en e defte ɗe njiyataa no feewi e nder kaɓirɗe yeeyde : mbele kaɓirgal ngal ina wallita e yaltinde dokke (ngam jokkondirde e njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi inndeeji) ; mbele adapteeruuji fiɓnde ina njuɓɓina sifaaji interface kuutorteeɗi e nder ladde ; mbele njuuteendi ɓoggi juutɗi (1625nm, ngam jarribaade DW system out-of-band) ina mballita ; e mbele nguurndam batte ina hawra e ñalawma timmuɗo kuutoragol ladde. Ɗeeɗoo defte ina kollita so tawii kaɓirgal ngal ina huutoree tigi rigi walla ina joofna yejjiteede e nder lowre. View the PV Test Instruments Collection
Haalan min senaare eɓɓoore maa e sarɗiiji, min mbaɗata heen feere moƴƴere e rokkude min limto e nder waktuuji 24.
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