Ol Gia na Bearing Seats: Heat-Treatment Distortion Em i Birua Tru bilong Precision

Stori

Jun 15, 2009

Ol tolerans long wanpela droing bilong gia em ol tolerans bilong pinis-stet: profail, lid, bore silindrisiti, pes ranaut. Wanem samting i makim sapos ol i ken inapim em hamas samting i stap yet long 'grind' bihain long 'heat treatment' — na ol i no inap lukim ol samting i no stret pastaim long 'furnace'.

Gear Accuracy Em i Accuracy Bihain long Heat Tritmen

Ol 'tolerance' long ol 'gear' na 'bearing seats' i stap long pinis bilong stet: 'profile tolerance', 'lead tolerance', 'bore cylindricity', 'face runout'. Wanem samting tru i makim sapos ol i ken holim ol dispela samting em hamas alawens i stap yet long hat tritmen bilong grindim. Long taim bilong 'carburising' na 'quenching', wanpela hap i save kisim senis long straksa na 'thermal stress' long wankain taim: ol liklik wol i gro, ol tikpela hap i go liklik, ol hap we i no wankain i save ben. Nogat wanpela bilong en i stap ples klia long ai bilong paiawut.

Wanpela gutpela 'grinder' i no inap kamapim wanpela 'high tolerance bore'; em i kamap long wanpela proses we i save long hamas 'bore' bai muv pastaim long ol i graunim. Proses disain bilong ol gia em i olsem 'distortion prediction' na 'alouance allocation'. Ol stua i gat save long wokim wanpela 'distortion database' long ol samting, 'wall-thickness ratio' na 'loading pattern', na bihain ol i save kompensetim ol 'pre-heat-treatment dimensions' long narapela rot. Ol stua we i no gat dispela data i ken lusim moa alawens na kisim ekstra 'grinding pass'. Kost i go antap, na planti tumas alawens i save brukim 'carburised case' na daunim strong bilong en.

Tripela As bilong Distorsen: Samting, Jiometri, Loding

Namba wan em ol samting bilong skin. Tupela hat bilong wankain 20CrMnTi gret inap long senis long 'hardenability band width' inap long senisim 'distortion' long 30 pesen. Gutpela pasin bilong mekim musik em long nidim wanpela ripot bilong 'hardenability band' long 'mill' na makim i go long namel-namel bilong 'band'.

Namba tu em 'geometry': 'wall thickness' i no wankain, wanpela 'offset keyway', ol 'asymmetric' hul insait long web olgeta i save kamapim kol we i no wankain taim ol i kukim paia. Ol i mas kamapim ol dispela samting long taim bilong droim piksa — disain bilong lukluk gen long wokim ol samting inap long senisim wanpela samting we i no stret i go long wanpela samting we i no wankain o putim wanpela 'process rib'. Namba tri em i 'loading': 'fixture' i makim 'quenchant flow field', 'cooling rate' i no wankain namel long namel na arere bilong basket, na ol hap we i stap long wankain 'load' inap long senis i go long narapela narapela sait.

Ol i Kalkuletim Grinding Alawens, Nogat

Liklik tumas alawens na distorsen i no inap long klinim, na i lusim blakpela skin bihain long ol i grisim. Planti tumas na taim bilong 'grinding' na pe bilong en i go antap taim 'carburised case' i ken bagarap. Stretpela alawens i wankain olsem 'expected distortion' na 'stock removal' na 'safety factor', na 'expected distortion' i mas kam long skelim, na i no long wanpela hanbuk.

Rot bilong mekim wok em i wanpela proses validesen ran: putim tenpela hap insait long wanpela saikel, skelim sais distribusen pastaim na bihain, kisim min sift na standet deviesen, bihain setim alawens. Long taim bilong prodaksen, sempel long wanwan lain na droim distribusen long wanpela kontrol jat; sapos 'mean' i senis i min olsem 'furnace' o samting i senis. I no gat wanpela bilong ol dispela samting i nupela, tasol liklik stua tasol i save mekim gut — we em i stretpela hap bilong wanpela kastom masin sevis we i hat long senisim.

Batch Consistency: Wanpela gutpela hap i no soim wanpela samting

Karakteristik feil long ol gia em i no wanpela hap we i no inap long karim hevi tasol em i 'batch dispersion'. Wanpela hap i save skelim long namel bilong 'tolerance', tasol long wanpela 'batch' wanpela arere i save drip i go aut - planti taim em i mak bilong 'thermal growth', 'tool wear' na 'fixture wear'. Bihain long 4-pela aua bilong wok long masin, 'spindle thermal growth' inap long kamap planti ten 'microns', inap long pinisim olgeta 'tolerance band'.

Kontrol i gat tripela leia: namba wan atikol konfemesen, in-proses sempling, las-atikol verifikasen; na tu, 'thermal warm-up' pastaim long prodaksen na 'tool-life management' long rot bilong katim longpela na i no long brukim. Long ol 'bearing seats' we ol i holim long IT6, ol i mas kaunim 'measurement uncertainty' yet: wanpela tu-digri difrens namel long 'gauge' na 'workpiece' em inap long ritim wanpela 'micron error' long wanpela 'fifty-millimeter bore'.

Gia na Bearing Fit: Tupela Hap, Wanpela Hevi

Ol i save skelim wantaim 'fit' namel long 'gear shaft' na 'bearing' bilong en: 'shaft tolerance', 'bearing inner-ring tolerance', na 'roundness' bilong tupela wantaim. Komon asua em long lukluk tasol long sais bilong 'shaft' na noken tingim 'roundness' na 'surface roughness'. Long wankain taim, wanpela 'shaft' we i no raunpela tumas i save senisim insait ring i go long wanpela 'ellipse', na 'bearing clearance' i save senis, na nois na temperaja i go antap.

Ol kain hap olsem em i gutpela long wanpela saplaia tasol i mas wokim, o insait long wanpela datum sistem tasol. Tupela stua i bruk, em i save kamap planti taim long tupela stua i winim inspeksen na wok bilong bungim ol samting i no wok gut. Wanpela askim stret i wok gut long skelim ol saplaia: ol i wokim gia na bearing seat long wankain masin long wankain masin?

Sekim: Wanpela CMM i no inap skelim fom bilong tit

CMM tasol i no inap long karim 'gear accuracy'. Wanpela CMM i save skelim sais bilong 'bore', 'face runout' na 'keyway' posisen, tasol ol 'profile' na 'lead tolerances' i nidim wok painimaut oltaim long 'involute', we i min olsem i gat wanpela 'gear measuring center' o wanpela 'involute tester'. Planti ol kwotesen i tok promis long ful CMM inspeksen taim ol i no bin sekim tit fom.

Dispela em i wanpela as bilong ol tok pait long kisim: dispela hap i save givim CMM data na i save krai yet taim em i go insait long haus. As bilong dispela em i 'profile crowning', wanpela 'helix angle deviation' o 'accumulated pitch error', na i no gat wanpela bilong ol dispela i stap insait long wanpela standet CMM rutin.

Wanpela gutpela 'acceptance plan' i gat planti lain. Namba wan atikol i kisim ful ripot long senta bilong skelim ol gia we i karamapim profail, lid, 'pitch' na 'radial runout'. Ol prodaksen ran i yusim 'double-flank composite inspection' olsem wanpela 'fast screen', wantaim 'periodic sampling' i go bek long senta bilong skelim. Ol masin we i gat tupela sait em i no gat bikpela pe na em i hariap inap long sekim gut, tasol ol i soim tasol wanpela 'composite error' na ol i no inap tok wanem samting i no stap, olsem na tupela rot i mas wok wantaim.

Wanpela tok lukaut long skelim yet: wanpela senta bilong skelim gia i save pilim gut moa long kalibresen na tempereja winim wanpela CMM, na twenti digri plus o minus wanpela em i as mak. Taim yu lukluk long 'temperature log' bilong 'metrology room' long taim bilong odit, dispela i save tokim yu moa long 'nameplate' bilong masin.

Fopela askim bilong wanpela baia

Namba wan, ol i save mekim 'carburising' na 'quenching' insait long haus o ol i save mekim autsait, na sapos ol i save mekim autsait, orait 'heat triater' i save holim CQI-9? Namba tu, ol i ken givim ol data bilong 'distortion' we ol i skelim, wantaim 'mean' na 'standard deviation' we ol i bungim wantaim 'material' na 'wall thickness'? Namba tri, olsem wanem ol i makim 'grinding allowance', na ol i bin mekim wanpela 'validation run'? Namba foa, hau bai ol i ken mekim 'batch consistency' i stap wankain - i gat SPC na 'tool-life management'?

I no gat planti saplaia i save bekim gut olgeta 4-pela saplaia, tasol ol lain husat i save bekim stret ol samting, long wanem, ol i save olsem ol bai no inap lusim mani long ol pipia. Taim yu makim wanpela fektori bilong wokim ol masin long Saina o wanpela kampani bilong Saina we i save wokim ol CNC hap, yusim 'heat-treatment' olsem namba wan filta; em i tokim yu planti samting moa long wanpela lista bilong ol ikwipmen.