Nsupɔw ne Mmeae a Ɛwɔ Akyirikyiri: Akontaabu a Wɔbɛyɛ Bere a Diesel Ntumi Nsɔre Bepɔw no

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Ɔberɛfɛw da 16, afe 2020

Wɔ mmeae a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri wɔ Maluku, Palawan ne Sabah no, diesel a wɔde kɔma no betumi ayɛ nea ɛboro pɔmpɛ bo so mmɔho pii. Sɛ wɔde akwantuo, dwumadie, adehwereɛ, korɔnbɔ ne generator siesie ka ho wie a, ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ adesoa kWh biara a wɔsom afe biara no ma mmuaeɛ a ɛne ne ho bɔ abira — na ɛkyerɛ baabi pɔtee a lead-carbon ne lithium biara di nkonim.

Nea Diesel Genset Bo Ankasa wɔ Supɔw Bi So

Mmeae a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri wɔ Indonesia Maluku, Papua ne Sulawesi nsupɔw a ɛwɔ akyi, Palawan ne Mindanao mmepɔw so wɔ Philippines, ne Sabah ne Sarawak mfinimfini no wɔ agyapade biako: grid no nni hɔ anaasɛ ɛba nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi pɛ da biara. Backup wɔ saa mmeae yi nyɛ backup koraa — ɛyɛ ade titiriw a wɔde ma, na diesel generator no yɛ adwuma nnɔnhwerew awotwe kosi aduonu da biara. Saa bere no, batere hama bi bo mfa ho; nea ɛho hia ne ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ adesoa kWh biara a wɔde di dwuma afe biara mu. Diesel a wɔde kɔma no ho ka wɔ nneɛma anum: pɔmpɛ bo, nneɛma a wɔde kɔ hyɛn gyinabea, anammɔn a ɛto so abien a wɔde fi hyɛn gyinabea kɔ beae (hyɛmma, moto, nnipa a wɔde fa nneɛma), nneɛma a wɔhwere ne korɔnbɔ, ne generator a wosiesie ne ne siesie a wɔabɔ ho ka denam dɔnhwerew a wɔde tu mmirika so. Wɔ mmeae a ɛwɔ nkoko so a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde fa nneɛma so no, nan a ɛto so abien no nkutoo betumi ayɛ pɛtro bo mmɔho biako kosi abien; fa dwumadie ka ho nnɔnhwereɛ 500 biara na wɔyɛ no foforɔ nnɔnhwereɛ 5,000 biara na diesel kwan no taa gye nkuropɔn mu diesel awoɔ ntoatoasoɔ mmɔho mmienu kɔsi anan wɔ kWh biara mu. Na saa dodow no kɔ ne petrol bo ne logistics tumi — variables no operator controls.

Battery Bo a Wɔdannan no kɔ Ka a Wɔbɔ wɔ kWh-Afe biara mu

Batere a wɔde toto ho no yɛ nea ntease biara nni mu gye sɛ wɔdannan no ma ɛyɛ nea wɔtaa de di dwuma. Akontaabuo a ɛteɛ no ka boɔ a wɔtɔɔ, nneɛma dodoɔ a wɔde besi ananmu wɔ ɔsom nkwa nna nyinaa mu, akwantuo ne adwumayɛfoɔ a wɔde bɛsi ananmu biara, ne ahoɔden ho ka a wɔbɔ wɔ charge/discharge a wɔhwere ho, afei wɔkyekyɛ mu denam tumi a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ × depth of discharge a wotumi de di dwuma × mfeɛ a wɔde tu sakre so, na ɛma ɛka wɔ kWh-afe biara mu. Fa 48V/100Ah ahama a wɔahyɛ sɛ ɛyɛ 4.8 kWh: wɔ 50% depth of discharge mu no 2.4 kWh pɛ na wotumi de di dwuma, na wɔ da biara da kyinhyia mu no ɛsɛ sɛ 2.4 kWh no soa nnafua 365. Sɛ wɔsesa hama no mfeɛ mmiɛnsa biara a, nneɛma mmiɛnsa a wɔatɔ no nyinaa bu — ɛnyɛ deɛ ɛdi kan no nko ara. Saa anammɔn baako yi da mfomsoɔ mmienu a ɛtaa ba adi: sɛ wɔfa tumi a wɔahyɛ sɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma sɛ tumi a wɔtumi de di dwuma, na wɔfa nhyehyɛɛ nkwa nna sɛ kyinhyia nkwa. Wɔ da biara da sakre ase no, batere a wɔahyɛ no mfe dumien a wɔde yɛ float adwuma no betumi de sakre 300 kosi 500 pɛ ama — a ɛbrɛ wɔ afe biako mu.

Nea Enti a Lead-Carbon Fata Dabiara Sakraman

Wɔ charge-discharge kyinhyia biako da biara a bere tenten wɔ charge tebea fã bi mu no, AGM a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no di nkogu pefee: mprɛte a enye no sulphates ntɛmntɛm wɔ PSoC mu, na ɛyɛ dense lead sulphate crystals a charge voltage a ɛteɛ ntumi ntew so, enti tumi no yera koraa. Lead-carbon di eyi ho dwuma tẽẽ denam activated carbon a ɛde ka negative plate no ho, na ɛma capacitive ne electrochemical storage mechanism a wɔaka abom ma enti charge current pɛ sɛ ɛfa capacitive kwan no so na sulphate ntumi nkɔ mprɛte no ani. LLC series (300–1,000Ah, asia models, 2V) de lead-carbon capacitance mfiridwuma a ɛwɔ cycle nkwa nna a ɛboro amanne kwan so nneɛma a ɛwɔ PSoC adwuma mu mmɔho anan kosi anum, bɛyɛ 30% a eye sen biara a wogye tom, ne mfe aduonu nhyehyɛe nkwa. Wɔ nsupɔw so mmeae ho no, ebia 30% a wɔde charge ntɛmntɛm no ho hia sen cycle nkwa: generator no tu mmirika nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi pɛ da biara, charge window no yɛ tiaa, na charge gye a wogye tom no kyerɛ ahoɔden dodow a wɔsan nya da biara — na ɛno nti sɛ ebia beae no bɛtra ase akosi generating bere a edi hɔ no.

Bere a Lithium Yɛ Mmuae a Ɛfata

Lithium nyɛ kɔbere-carbon a wɔayɛ no foforo; ɛyɛ ahye a ɛsono sɛnea wɔde di dwuma. 48V LiFePO4 nhyehyɛe ahorow (SDA10 series, 50–200Ah, mfonini anan) no ma 1C a ɛkɔ so yiyi ne kyinhyia nkwa tenten paa wɔ nkyem abiɛsa mu biako kosi fã a ɛyɛ kɛse ne emu duru a ɛyɛ pɛ a ɛyɛ kɔbere-acid tumi. Tebea abiɛsa na ɛboa lithium: mmeae a baabi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ wɔde nneɛma gu fam, te sɛ nkuku nketewa a wɔde asisi abantenten asɛnka agua so a kɔbere-acid renhyɛ mu kɛkɛ; applications hia high instantaneous current, a 1C kyerɛ sɛ 100Ah ahama betumi de 100A ama daa, a lead-acid ntumi nyɛ wɔ volume koro no ara mu; ne mmeae a wɔn nkwa nna yɛ adwuma boro mfe du na wɔde akwantu ho ka yɛ kɛse yiye, baabi a wɔde nneɛma abien a wɔkwati sɛ wɔde besi ananmu no siw ɛka a edi kan a ɛkɔ soro no ano. Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, wɔ mmeae a ɔhyew a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no tra boro 45°C a wonni ɔhyew ho nhyehyɛe biara no, mfaso a ɛwɔ lithium nkwa mu no sɛe kɛse na wotumi de ho to ɔhyew a kɔbere-carbon tumi gyina ano no so kɛse. Sɔhwɛ no nyɛ mfiridwuma a ɛkɔ anim kɛse, na mmom abiɛsa no mu nea ɛwɔ he — ɔhyew ho nsɛm, mpɛn dodow a wɔde sakre tu, akwantu ho ka — a ne bo yɛ den sen biara wɔ saa beae no.

Topologies Abiɛsa a Wɔde Afrafra

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nsupɔw so mmeae no ntu mmirika wɔ fibea biako so da, na topology a wɔpaw no na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye koraa. Nea edi kan ne diesel-primary a battery buffer: generator no tu mmirika tia adesoa na battery no kata changeover gaps ne anadwo shutdown. Retrofit ho ka a ɛba fam koraa, ɛfata ma nnesoa nketewa a pɛtro a wɔde ma no yɛ adwuma nanso grid no nni hɔ koraa. Nea ɛto so abien ne owia a wɔde batere ne diesel a wɔde gyina hɔ: PV som adesoa na ɛbɔ batere no awia, batere no gyae anadwo, na diesel fi ase bere a mununkum akata so bere tenten anaasɛ batere no asa akyi nkutoo. Nnɔnhwerew a wɔde diesel de tu mmirika no betumi akɔ fam asen abien da biara a wɔkora pɛtro so kɛse, nanso ehia baabi a ɛfata a wɔde hyehyɛ ne mfutuma ho banbɔ. Nea ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa yɛ owia ahoɔden a wɔtumi yɛ foforɔ koraa a wɔde batere ka ho a mframa nhyehyɛeɛ ketewa ka ho, a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a afe afe mframa ahoɔhare yɛ den na adesoa sua nko ara — a mfasoɔ biara nni so wɔ Asia Kesee Fam Apueeɛ osutɔ bɛlt. Nea baasa nyinaa kyɛ ne sɛ battery no fi standby kɔ da biara da cycling prime mover, enti cycle nkwa, charge gye a wogye ne high-temperature suban si nhyehyɛe sikasɛm ho gyinae — ɛnyɛ generator efficiency.

Battery no kɛse a wɔbɛkyerɛ wɔ Hybrid System mu

Ɛsɛ sɛ battery ahoɔden a ɛwɔ hybrid nhyehyɛe mu no kɛse yɛ bere tenten a enni ahoɔden bio, ɛnyɛ nnɔnhwerew a wɔde bɛkora so — na mmuae abien no betumi ayɛ soronko abien. Akontaabu no wɔ anammɔn anan. Nea edi kan no, ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma da biara da: adesoa wɔ kW × nnɔnhwerew 24 mu, hyɛ no nsow sɛ adesoa awia ne anadwo taa yɛ soronko na ɛsɛ sɛ wobu ho akontaa wɔ ɔkwan soronko so afei wɔka bom. Nea ɛto so abien, mununkum a ɛware sen biara a ɛtoatoa so: nna abien kosi abiɛsa wɔ Asia Kesee Fam Apuei osutɔ bere mu, na abiɛsa yɛ nea wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ katee so; Afrika Apuei fam mmepɔw so no da mununkum a ɛsakrasakra kɛse adi, enti fa da koro ka ho. Nea ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa, tumi a wɔde di dwuma a wɔhwehwɛ = da biara da a wɔde di dwuma × nna a mununkum akata so ÷ nsuo a wɔde gu mu a wɔma ho kwan, a wɔfa DOD wɔ 70%. Nea ɛto so anan no, fa ɔhyew ne onyin nteɛso di dwuma, mpɛn pii no ×1.15 kosi ×1.25. Wɔ beaeɛ a ɛde kWh 24 di dwuma da biara no, nnansa ahofadie wɔ 70% DOD hia bɛyɛ kWh 103 a wɔbɛtumi de adi dwuma, anaa bɛyɛ 124 kWh wɔ 20% nteɛsoɔ akyi. Saa akontaabu no taa yɛ kɛse koraa sen nea ‘ nnɔnhwerew anan a wɔde si akyi’ akontaabu de ba no, efisɛ wɔn baanu no bua nsɛmmisa ahorow: biako ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ bere a owia no mpue nnansa, biako ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wɔ nnɔnhwerew anan a wɔagyae adwuma no mu. Wɔ beae a ɛnyɛ grid so no, nea edi kan no nkutoo na ntease wom. Undersize no na nhyehyɛe no hwe ase wɔ mununkum spell a edi kan no mu — mpɛn pii no mprempren nkitahodi ho hia kɛse; oversize no na payback no trɛw kosi sɛ adwuma no bedi nkogu wɔ sikasɛm boayikuw no mu. Fa akontaabu a ɛyɛ kusuu a ɛyɛ katee a ɛyɛ katee no; ntwitwa tumi a wɔde yɛ adwuma no so nkɔ nna abien mfa nkora sika kɛse so. View Telecom Backup Power Selection