Afrilu 20, 2025
Gyaran kwalta ba kawai 'ƙara mai ga tsohon bitumen' bane. Wannan labarin yana bin hanyar sinadarai daga tsohuwar tsarin bitumen har zuwa ingantaccen filin.
Fasahar sabunta kwalta ta samo asali ta hanyar tsararraki biyu. Hanyar ƙarni na farko ta kasance madaidaiciya: haxa mai mai dilution (kamar kerosene ko distillates mai haske) zuwa cikin tsofaffin bitumen don rage danko ta hanyar narkewar jiki. Wannan hanya ba ta da tsada kuma mai sauƙi don amfani, amma matsalolinsa daidai suke a bayyane - ƙananan ƙananan haske a cikin man fetur na dilution sun sake canzawa a lokacin haɗuwa da sabis, haifar da tsufa na sakandare, da kuma shimfidar shimfidar wuri ya sake taurare da fasa bayan shekaru 2-3 na sabis. Ƙarni na biyu shine sabuntawar kwayoyin halitta: maimakon dogaro da dilution ta jiki, yana gyara tsarin kwayoyin halitta na tsofaffin bitumen ta hanyar sinadarai - yana sake cika ɓangarorin haske na takamaiman ma'aunin kwayoyin don mayar da ma'auni na colloidal, cleaving oxidative cross-link bonds don rage girman girman manyan-kwayoyin haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe, da haɓaka haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. bitumen. Mai gyara kwalta wanda FangService ke goyan bayan nasa ne na wannan fasaha ta sake haifuwa na kwayoyin halitta na ƙarni na biyu.
Don fahimtar farfadowar kwayoyin halitta, dole ne a fara fahimtar tsarin colloidal na bitumen. Bitumen ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba amma hadadden colloidal watsawa wanda ya ƙunshi manyan sassa huɗu: asphaltene (mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta, polarity mafi girma, wanda ba a iya narkewa a cikin n-hexane), saturate (mara iyaka, mafi ƙarancin nauyin kwayoyin halitta), aromatic (matsakaicin polarity, matsakaicin matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta), da guduro (launi tsakanin nau'in nau'in kwayoyin halitta). A cikin sabon bitumen, muryoyin asphaltene suna lulluɓe da ƙwayoyin guduro kuma an dakatar da su a cikin ci gaba na saturates da aromatics, suna samar da ingantaccen tsarin sol-gel. A lokacin tsufa, mai (saturates + aromatics) yana ci gaba da raguwa, resins condense da canzawa zuwa asphaltenes a ƙarƙashin iskar shaka, asphaltene aggregates girma, da colloidal tsarin canjawa daga sol zuwa gel - rasa duk inji damar bayan kwarara.
Asphaltene a cikin tsofaffin bitumen ba su wanzu a matsayin kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya - suna samar da nanoscale aggregates ta hanyar π-π stacking da hydrogen bonding, kuma waɗannan tarawan suna ƙara haɗawa zuwa gungu-ma'auni. Yayin da tsufa ke ci gaba, tsarin kwayoyin halitta na ciki na asphaltene aggregates yana ƙara yin umarni, yana samar da yankuna masu kama da crystal - wani tsari da ake kira de-crystallization ko oda. Waɗannan yankuna da aka ba da umarnin su ne ke haifar da ɓarna kai tsaye: sun zama wuraren tattara damuwa a ƙananan yanayin zafi, suna sa bitumen ya sami karyewa a yanayin zafi sama da yanayin canjin gilashin sa. Abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin na'urar sabunta kwayoyin halitta na iya sakawa tsakanin π-π stacking layers na aggregates asphaltene, tarwatsa tsarin da aka ba da umarni tsakanin kwayoyin halitta da sake tarwatsa yankunan crystalline zuwa yanayin tarwatsewar amorphous. Wannan ba sauki dilution - shi rayayye canza aggregation jihar tsarin na asphaltene.
Babban ƙalubale a cikin farfadowar kwayoyin halitta shine ko tsarin colloidal da aka gyara zai sake tsufa yayin ajiya da sabis. Amsar ita ce e, ba tare da masu daidaitawa ba. Freshly de-crystallized da haske-kashi mai cike da bitumen yana cikin yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali na thermodynamically, kuma ƙwayoyin asphaltene suna da halin sake tarawa da sake yin oda. Steric-hindrance resin yana magance wannan matsala: waɗannan ƙwayoyin resin sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin sarkar gefe masu girma waɗanda, idan an haɗa su a saman ɓangarorin asphaltene, suna haifar da shinge na zahiri wanda ke hana barbashin asphaltene kusa da su gabatowa da sake tattarawa. Yana kama da yin amfani da feshin anti-static akan sabon gashi mai tsefe - igiyoyin ba su manne da juna kuma suna tarwatsewa. Gabatar da resin steric-hindrance yana inganta kwanciyar hankali na bitumen da aka sabunta: bayan sa'o'i 48 a cikin tanda mai zafin jiki na 160 ° C, ana iya sarrafa bambancin wurin tausasawa a cikin 2 ° C (al'adun masana'antu yawanci yana buƙatar ba fiye da 5 ° C ba).
Narkar da man fetur na al'ada zai iya dawo da aikin tsofaffin bitumen zuwa matakin sabon bitumen - wannan makasudin ramawa ne. Amma mai sabunta kwayoyin halitta daga FangService ya ci gaba: yana ƙunshe da wani abu mai ɓoyewa wanda ke yin aiki da sinadarai tare da wurare masu aiki a cikin bitumen a yanayin zafi, a cikin wuri yana samar da hanyar sadarwa mai haɗin kai mai girma uku. Wannan hanyar sadarwa ba ta dawo da ruwa ba - akasin haka: tana gabatar da madaidaitan hanyoyin haɗin giciye na roba a cikin tsarin colloidal da aka gyara, yana ba da ƙarfin dawo da bitumen na roba wanda ya wuce na sabon bitumen. Musamman: na farko, cibiyar sadarwar 3D tana haɓaka viscoelasticity, ƙyale shingen don mafi kyawun sha da rarraba damuwa a ƙarƙashin kaya; na biyu, tsarin hanyar sadarwa yana ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin bitumen da haɗin haɗin gwiwa, rage haɗarin lalacewar ruwa; na uku, tsarin haɗin giciye yana ba da bitumen digiri na iya warkar da kai - ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya rufewa ba tare da yaduwa ba yayin hawan hawan zafin jiki. Bayanan da aka auna sun nuna cewa gajiyawar rayuwar da aka sabunta ta cakuda kwalta ta kai sama da kashi 85% na kwalta na budurwa, kuma a wasu sharudda na kusantowa 100%.
Dole ne a ƙididdige tasirin farfadowar kwayoyin halitta a matakin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Don masu gyara kwalta, dole ne a gwada alamomi guda biyar. Na farko, shiga: yana nuna taurin bitumen; Maƙasudin sabunta shine yawanci don mayar da tsohuwar shigar bitumen zuwa sama da kashi 80% na sabon bitumen. Na biyu, maki mai laushi: yana nuna kwanciyar hankali mai zafi; Bayan sake farfadowa, wurin laushi ya kamata ya dace da na sabon bitumen, tare da bambancin da bai wuce 3 ° C ba. Na uku, ductility: yana nuna juriya mai ƙananan zafin jiki; 5°C ductility shine maɓalli mai nuna alama kuma yakamata murmurewa sama da 70% na sabbin ƙimar bitumen. Na hudu, danko: Dankowar Brookfield a 135°C yakamata ya kasance cikin tsari iri daya da sabon bitumen, yana tabbatar da hadawa da yuwuwar hadewa. Na biyar, aikin bayan-RTFOT: bitumen da aka sabunta dole ne ya tsira daga Gwajin Tanderun Fim ɗin Rolling Thin ba tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin aiki ba - canjin taro tsakanin ± 3% da ƙimar shigar bayan tsufa na aƙalla 0.7. Rejuvenator daga FangService yana aiki da kyau a duk faɗin alamomi guda biyar: dabi'u na yau da kullun sun haɗa da 25 ° C danko na 280 mPa·s, madaidaicin walƙiya na 231 ° C, RTFOT danko rabo na 1.1, da RFTOT taro canji na 0.9%.
Dole ne a inganta ingantaccen bayanan dakin gwaje-gwaje ta bayanan injiniyan filin. Babban aikin sake fasalin babban RAP ya ƙunshi matakan tabbatarwa masu zuwa. Na farko, saka idanu na shuka: ana ɗaukar samfurori yayin haɗuwa don duba daidaiton yanayin zafin jiki da murfin bitumen, tabbatar da cewa mai haɓakawa ya tarwatse sosai a 120-140 ° C. Na biyu, paving da compaction monitoring: compaction zafin jiki, adadin wucewa, da karshe yawa ana rubuta da kuma kwatanta a layi daya tare da na al'ada zafi-mix sashe. Na uku, babban samfuri: bayan gyaran shimfidar wuri, ana hakowa kuma ana gwada su don yawa, rabo mara kyau, da kwanciyar hankali Marshall. Na huɗu, saka idanu akan aikin na dogon lokaci: na'urori masu auna firikwensin da aka saka ko kuma an kafa maki masu alama akan sashin gwajin, kuma dubawa akai-akai yana bin ka'ida, ƙima, da zurfin rut. Bayanan bin diddigin bayanan daga sashin gwaji tare da 60% RAP sama da shekaru biyu yana nuna babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan sabis idan aka kwatanta da haɗaɗɗun zafi na al'ada, yayin da a cikin shekara ta uku, sashin da aka sabunta ya fara nuna fa'idodin gajiyar aiki - wannan shi ne saboda ƙarfin dawo da ƙarfi na bitumen da aka sabunta yana ci gaba da ba da fa'idodi a ƙarƙashin hawan keke na dogon lokaci.
Ga masu siyan injiniyan hanya, zaɓin shine ainihin ciniki tsakanin zaɓuɓɓuka uku. Zaɓin A: Yi amfani da 100% sabo bitumen da jimlar budurwa (0% RAP) - mafi girman farashi na farko, mafi ƙarancin haɗarin fasaha. Zaɓin B: yi amfani da man dilution don sake haɓaka 20-30% RAP - mafi ƙarancin farashi na farko, amma aikin dogon lokaci yana da shakka kuma ƙimar haɗawa ba zai iya wuce 30%. Zaɓin C: Yi amfani da mai gyara ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta don cimma 60%+ RAP - farashi na farko tsakanin A da B, amma mafi ƙarancin farashi na rayuwa, mafi ƙarancin iskar carbon, da rigakafi don tara saurin sarkar samarwa. Don ayyukan titin tare da rayuwar ƙira na shekaru 3+, fa'idar tsadar rayuwa ta Option C yana da mahimmanci. Don ayyukan gajere ko gaggawa, Zaɓin B har yanzu yana da wuri. Makullin yanke shawarar siyan ba shine 'wanne zaɓi ne mafi kyau' ba amma 'menene tsarin rayuwar wannan aikin, za'a sanya fitar da iskar carbon cikin ƙimar ƙima, kuma shine jimillar wadatar abinci' - amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin guda uku suna nuni kai tsaye zuwa mafi kyawun zaɓi.
Faɗa mana yanayin aikin ku da buƙatun ku, kuma za mu dace da mafita mai kyau kuma za mu ba da ƙima a cikin sa'o'i 24.
Samu Magana Kyauta3-in-1 kwalta rejuvenator (dumi mix + gyare-gyare + sabuntawa), RAP abun ciki> = 60% (mafi yawan 100%), hadawa zazzabi 120-140 ° C, gajiya rayuwa> = 85% sabon kwalta, m kudin 25-40% kasa. Danko 280mPa·s, filashi 231°C, yawa 0.96 g/cm³, ana samunsa a cikin 25 kg ko 1000 ganguna. Goyan bayan ƙididdiga na musamman akan buƙata kuma samar da rahotannin gwaji, tare da zaɓin ciniki na EXW/FOB/CIF/DDP.
Koyi game da zaɓin wakili na sabunta kwalta da zance →