Rarraunan Gilashin Gishiri da Ficewa akai-akai: Saita Zurfin Fitar da Tashoshin Tushen Afirka

Labari

22 ga Agusta, 2017

Lokacin da wadatar grid ta faɗi daga 99% zuwa 60%, baturi yana daina shawagi kuma yana fara hawan keke kowace rana. Batura da aka ƙayyade akan zato na UPS sun gaza cikin watanni goma sha takwas a duk faɗin Najeriya, Afirka ta Kudu, Ghana da Tanzaniya - matsalar ita ce zato, ba samfurin ba. Wannan labarin yana ƙididdige zurfin fitarwa akan rayuwar sake zagayowar kuma yana ba da tebur mai ƙima ta hanyar grid.

Baturi Daya, Cikakkun Ayyuka Biyu Daban-daban

Gundumomin kasuwanci na Legas, larduna a fadin Afirka ta Kudu lokacin da ake zubar da kaya, Ghana ta lokacin gudanar da ayyukanta na 'dumsor', yankunan biranen Tanzaniya da Uganda, da kuma garuruwan da ke yammacin Kenya duk suna fuskantar gaskiya iri daya: wutar lantarki ba ta kasawa lokaci-lokaci, tana kasawa sau da yawa a rana tsawon sa'o'i da yawa a lokaci guda. Wannan yana kama da tambayar mita, amma yana maye gurbin gaba dayan yanayin aiki na baturi. Inda samuwa ya kasance 99%, baturi yana fitarwa ƙasa da sau goma a shekara kuma yana zaune akan iyo; rayuwa ana tafiyar da ita ta hanyar lalatawar grid kuma rayuwar ƙirar shekaru goma sha biyu tana da shekaru goma sha biyu. Inda samuwa ya kasance kashi 60%, baturin yana kammala cikakken zagayowar sau ɗaya ko biyu a kowace rana - sama da 500 a shekara - kuma ana gudanar da rayuwa ta ƙidayar sake zagayowar. Samfura ɗaya na iya bambanta a rayuwar sabis fiye da sau biyar tsakanin ayyukan biyu. Amma duk da haka ƙayyadaddun sayayya yawanci suna faɗin 'awa'o'i huɗu na madadin' ba tare da ambaton hawan keke ba, kuma tsallake shi ne ainihin dalilin da yasa batura ke mutuwa a wata goma sha takwas.

Dangantakar Kiɗa Tsakanin DOD da Rayuwa

Tasirin zurfafa fitarwa akan rayuwar zagayowar ba ta misaltuwa ba ce mai ƙarfi ba, kuma ba wai kawai batun amfani da ƙasa don ɗorewa ba. Don AGM na al'ada, 30% DOD na iya ba da kewaye 1,200 hawan keke, 50% game da 600, 80% kawai a kusa da 300, da 100% kasa da 200. A takaice dai, haɓaka DOD daga 50% zuwa 80% yana ƙaruwa da makamashi ta kowace fitarwa ta 60% amma halves sake zagayowar lokaci ta hanyar adadin kuzari - duk lokacin sake zagayowar rayuwa. Wannan lanƙwan ya bayyana dalilin da yasa 'amfani da shi da zurfi' shine ruɗi: kawai yana siyan maye gurbinsa da wuri. Hanyar da ta dace ita ce nemo DOD wanda ke haɓaka kayan aiki na rayuwa, yawanci tsakanin 50% da 70%, ƙarƙashin wani muhimmin ƙuntatawa: lokacin caji bayan zurfafawa. Inda grid ya kasance a cikin sa'o'i kaɗan kawai a rana, fitarwa 80% yana buƙatar fiye da sa'o'i goma don cikawa sosai, rana mai zuwa ba za ta iya kammala shi ba, kuma baturin yana zaune ba tare da caji ba tare da haɓaka sulfation - wanda shine ainihin kisa.

Me yasa 'Sa'o'i Hudu na Ajiyayyen' ya gaza a Afirka

Sa'o'i hudu na ajiyar waje adadi ne mai iya aiki, ba adadi na rayuwa ba, kuma yana kasawa a cikin rauni-grid aiki tare da hanyoyi uku. Na farko, an yi watsi da ƙididdigar sake zagayowar gaba ɗaya: awanni huɗu na madadin yana nufin kusan 50% zuwa 60% DOD, don haka a sake zagayowar rana ɗaya da 365 a shekara, AGM na al'ada wanda aka ƙididdige hawan keke 600 ya ƙare a cikin kusan watanni ashirin - kusan daidai watanni goma sha takwas da aka gani a filin. Na biyu, tagar caji bai isa ba: kirtani mai girman awoyi huɗu na kaya yawanci yana caji akan 0.1C kawai, don haka tafiya daga 50% zuwa 100% yana ɗaukar sama da sa'o'i goma, yayin da grid ke kasancewa kawai awa huɗu zuwa shida a rana; baturin baya kaiwa cikakken caji kuma yana rayuwa har abada a cikin PSoC. Na uku, zafi ya haɗu da shi: yawancin rukunin yanar gizon Afirka suna gudana a 35 ° C zuwa 45 ° C, kuma rayuwar sake zagayowar ta sake raguwa a waɗannan yanayin zafi. Ku tara ukun ku sami wata goma sha takwas. Don haka, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai dole ne su faɗi abubuwa uku tare: ƙidayar zagayowar manufa, tagar caji da ake samu, da yanayin yanayin wurin.

Abubuwan Ƙarfi ta Samuwar Grid

Ga tebur da za ku iya amfani da shi kai tsaye. Ka'ida ita ce ƙarfin yana girma zuwa ga ƙarancin kuzarin yau da kullun, ba zuwa sa'o'i na ajiya ba. Sama da 95% samuwan aikin shine jiran aiki mai iyo: girman zuwa mafi tsayin nauyin lokutan fita guda ɗaya, riƙe DOD cikin 50%, kuma daidaitaccen jerin gaba-gaba ya isa. Tsakanin 80% da 95%, tare da kusan awanni biyu zuwa hudu a rana, yi amfani da nauyin hawan keke na 1.2 akan saman sa'o'i na ajiya kuma sun fi son jerin zagayowar zurfi (FTC, 100-170Ah, rated 1,500 cycles or more). Tsakanin 50% da 80%, baturi shine babban motsi na motsa jiki na yau da kullun: yi amfani da adadin 1.5 zuwa 1.8 kuma matsawa zuwa gubar-carbon (LLC, 300-1,000Ah, rayuwar sake zagayowar sau huɗu zuwa sau biyar a cikin PSoC) ko LiFePO4 (SDA10, ci gaba da fitarwa 1C). A ƙasa da kashi 50%, rukunin yanar gizon yana kashe grid yadda ya kamata: girman don cikakken zagayowar rana ɗaya tare da kwanaki uku na cin gashin kai ta hanyar mamaye yanayi, wanda ke nufin tafiya kai tsaye zuwa ƙirar ƙirar hasken rana - ƙara baturi kaɗai ba tattalin arziƙi bane.

Bishiyar Zaɓin Zaɓi

Mayar da bincike cikin matakai huɗu da injiniyan rukunin yanar gizon zai iya bi. Mataki na daya, kasancewar grid: sama da 95%, ɗauki daidaitattun 12V jerin gaba-gaba (6-FMX, 50-200Ah, rayuwar ƙirar shekaru goma sha biyu) a mafi ƙarancin farashi; 80% zuwa 95%, ɗaukar zurfin sake zagayowar (FTC) ko gel (6-XFMJ, rayuwar ƙirar shekaru goma sha biyar, haƙuri da zafi tare da ƙarancin asarar ruwa); 50% zuwa 80%, ɗauki gubar-carbon (LLC, rayuwar ƙirar shekaru ashirin, 30% mafi kyawun karɓar caji don haka ana amfani da tagar caji mai iyaka); kasa da 50%, matsawa zuwa matasan hasken rana kuma girman baturi don hawan keke na yau da kullun. Mataki na biyu, tagar caji: inda kasancewar grid ke ƙarƙashin sa'o'i shida a rana, karɓar karɓa ya mamaye, da gubar-carbon ko lithium ta doke AGM na al'ada. Mataki na uku, yanayin zafin jiki: sama da 45 ° C dagewa, fi son gubar-carbon ko jerin yanayin zafi; inda ake sarrafa zafin jiki, ana iya amfani da fa'idar ƙarar lithium. Mataki na huɗu, ragowar rayuwa: rukunin yanar gizon da ya rage ƙasa da shekaru biyar na hayar baya buƙatar fasahar shekaru ashirin - ɗauki zaɓi mafi arha don sauran wa'adin. Bayan matakai hudu akwai ɗan wurin jayayya.

Abubuwa biyar na tilas a cikin Takaddamawa

A cikin rashin ƙarfi-grid aiki ƙayyadaddun dole ne su bayyana aikin, ba kawai ƙarfin ba. Abubuwa biyar wajibi ne, kuma barin kowa yana mayar da ku zuwa zagayen gazawar wata goma sha takwas. Na farko, samar da grid a matsayin kashi, tare da lokacin rahoton da aka bayyana - kowane wata ko shekara-shekara, tunda su biyun suna samar da adadi daban-daban - kuma wannan abu ne kawai ke yanke shawarar ko baturin yana iyo ko hawan keke. Na biyu, mafi tsayin lokacin fita guda ɗaya da matsakaicin katsewa a kowace rana, an bayyana shi daban: na farko yana ƙayyade ƙarfin, na biyu yana ƙayyade rayuwar zagayowar, kuma mafi yawan ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna ɗaukar na farko kawai. Na uku, akwai taga caji a kowace rana, wanda ke saita buƙatun karɓar cajin; kasa da sa'o'i shida, fasahar caji mai sauri ya zama tilas ko baturin bai cika caji ba. Na hudu, kewayon yanayin wurin, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin majalisar ministocin ciki maimakon waje, tare da kololuwar lokacin rani, saboda cikin majalisar ministoci yawanci yana gudana sama da 10 ° C sama da yanayi. Na biyar, rayuwar sabis na manufa da sauran hayar rukunin yanar gizon, don haka wurin da ya rage shekaru uku na hayar ba a sanya shi da baturi na shekara ashirin ba - wannan ba hankali ba ne, sharar gida ne. Tare da waɗannan biyar an bayyana, masu siyarwa ba za su iya ɓoyewa a bayan jumla ɗaya kamar awa huɗu na ajiyar kuɗi ba, kuma kimantawa yana da kwatankwacin tushe. Yawancin ayyuka sun gaza ba saboda an zaɓi samfurin da ba daidai ba amma saboda ba a taɓa ƙayyadadden aikin ba, don haka masu samar da kayayyaki sun nakalto daga mafi kyawun zato yayin da masu aiki ke gudanar da rukunin yanar gizon a ƙarƙashin mafi ƙarancin gaskiya. View Telecom Backup Power Selection