Grid a Ɛyɛ Mmerewa ne Nneɛma a Ɛtaa Twa: Nneɛma a Wɔde Tow Nneɛma a Ɛkɔ Fam a Wɔbɛhyehyɛ ama Afrika Base Stations

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Ɔberɛfɛw da 22, afe 2017

Sɛ grid a ɛwɔ hɔ no so tew fi 99% kɔ 60% a, battery bi gyae float standby na efi ase tu sakre da biara da. Batere a wɔakyerɛ wɔ UPS nsusuwii so no di nkogu wɔ asram dunwɔtwe mu wɔ Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana ne Tanzania nyinaa — ɔhaw no ne asɛyɛde ho adwene, ɛnyɛ ade no. Saa asɛm yi kyerɛ nsuo a ɛkɔ mu no mu dɔ dodoɔ a ɛne kyinhyia nkwa nna na ɛma tumi factor table denam grid a ɛwɔ hɔ so.

Battery Baako, Nnwuma Abien a Ɛsono Wɔn Koraa

Lagos aguadi mantam, amantam a ɛwɔ South Africa nyinaa bere a wɔde adesoa regu, Ghana denam ne ‘dumsor’ adesoa ho nhyehyɛe bere so, nkurow akɛse a ɛwɔ Tanzania ne Uganda, ne nkurow a ɛwɔ Kenya atɔe fam nyinaa hyia grid nokwasɛm koro no ara: anyinam ahoɔden nsɛe bere ne bere mu, ɛyɛ huam mpɛn pii da biara nnɔnhwerew pii wɔ bere koro mu. Ɛno te sɛ asɛmmisa a ɛfa frequency ho, nanso ɛsesa battery no adwumayɛ kwan no nyinaa. Baabi a ɛwɔ hɔ yɛ 99% no, battery bi tumi gyae mpɛn du afe biara na ɛtra float so; asetra yɛ nea grid corrosion na edi so na mfe dumien design asetra yɛ mfe dumien ankasa. Baabi a ɛwɔ hɔ yɛ 60% no, battery no wie kyinhyia biako anaa abien a edi mũ da biara — bɛboro 500 afe biara — na nkwa nna gyina kyinhyia dodow so. Ade koro no ara betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma no mu bɛboro mpɛn anum wɔ nnwuma abien no ntam. Nanso adetɔ ho nsɛm taa ka sɛ ‘nnɔnhwerew anan a wɔde bɛkora so’ pɛ a wɔanka kyinhyia ho asɛm, na saa nea wɔayi afi mu no ne nea enti a batere wuwu wɔ asram dunwɔtwe mu no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Abusuabɔ a Ɛda DOD ne Asetra Ntam a Ɛwɔ Dodow Mu

Nkɛntɛnso a nsu a ɛkɔ mu no mu dɔ nya wɔ kyinhyia nkwa so no yɛ nea ɛnyɛ linear denneennen, na ɛnyɛ asɛm a ɛfa kakraa bi a wɔde bedi dwuma na ama akyɛ ara kwa. Wɔ amanne kwan so AGM, 30% DOD betumi ama bɛyɛ 1,200 kyinhyia, 50% bɛyɛ 600, 80% pɛ bɛyɛ 300, na 100% a ennu 200. Ɔkwan foforo so no, DOD a wɔma ɛkɔ soro fi 50% kosi 80% ma ahoɔden kɔ soro wɔ discharge biara mu 60% nanso ɛtew kyinhyia dodow so fã, enti nkwa nna nyinaa mu throughput — cycles times energy per cycle — nokwarem no ahwe ase. Saa curve no kyerɛkyerɛ nea enti a ‘fa di dwuma kɔ akyiri’ yɛ adwemmɔne mu: ɛtɔ nea wɔde besi ananmu ntɛm ara kwa. Ɔkwan a ɛteɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ DOD a ɛma nkwa nna nyinaa mu nsunsuansoɔ yɛ kɛseɛ, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ 50% ne 70%, a ɛhyɛ anohyetoɔ bi a ɛho hia ase: berɛ a wɔde bɛsan ahyɛ mu wɔ deep discharge akyi. Baabi a grid no wɔ hɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi pɛ da biara, 80% discharge hia bɛboro nnɔnhwerew du na ama wɔasan ahyɛ mu ma koraa, da a edi hɔ no ebia ɛrenwie, na battery no tena bere tenten a enni ahoɔden a sulphation a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm — a ɛyɛ owudifo ankasa.

Nea Enti a ‘Nnɔnhwerew Anan a Wɔde Yɛ Backup’ Di Nkonim wɔ Afrika

Nnɔnhwerew anan a wɔde yɛ backup yɛ tumi akontaabu, ɛnyɛ nkwa akontaabu, na edi nkogu wɔ weak-grid duty mu wɔ akwan abiɛsa so. Nea edi kan no, wobu ani gu kyinhyia dodow so koraa: nnɔnhwerew anan a wɔde si akyi no kyerɛ bɛyɛ 50% kosi 60% DOD, enti wɔ kyinhyia biako da biara ne 365 afe biara mu no, AGM a wɔtaa de kyerɛ sɛ kyinhyia 600 no sa wɔ bɛyɛ asram aduonu mu — ɛkame ayɛ sɛ asram dunwɔtwe a wohu wɔ afuw mu no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nea ɛto so abien no, mfɛnsere a wɔde charge no nnɔɔso: ahama a ne kɛse yɛ adesoa nnɔnhwerew anan no taa bɔ 0.1C pɛ, enti sɛ wobɛkɔ 50% akɔ 100% a, egye bɛboro nnɔnhwerew du, bere a grid no wɔ hɔ nnɔnhwerew anan kosi asia pɛ da biara; battery no ntumi nnya ahoɔden a edi mũ da na ɛtra PSoC mu daa. Nea ɛto so abiɛsa no, ɔhyew ma ɛyɛ kɛse: Afrika mmeae pii tu mmirika wɔ 35°C kosi 45°C, na wɔtew kyinhyia nkwa so bio wɔ saa ɔhyew no mu. Stack abiɛsa no na wubenya asram dunwɔtwe. Enti ɛsɛ sɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu bi ka nneɛma abiɛsa bom: target cycle count, charging window a ɛwɔ hɔ, ne site ambient temperature.

Nneɛma a ɛfa Tumi ho denam Grid a ɛwɔ hɔ so

Pon bi a wubetumi de adi dwuma tẽẽ ni. Nnyinasosɛm no ne sɛ wɔde tumi no kɛse te sɛ ahoɔden a ɛho hia da biara da, na ɛnyɛ nnɔnhwerew a wɔde si akyi. Above 95% availability asɛyɛde no yɛ float standby: kɛse to tenten biako outage mmere adesoa, kura DOD mu 50%, na standard front-terminal series no dɔɔso. Wɔ 80% ne 95% ntam, a bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew abien kosi anan a ɛyɛ adwuma biako da biara, fa sakre ho ade a ɛyɛ 1.2 di dwuma wɔ nnɔnhwerew a wɔde si akyi no so na wopɛ deep-cycle series (FTC, 100–170Ah, rated 1,500 cycles anaa nea ɛboro saa). Wɔ 50% ne 80% ntam no, battery no ne da biara da cycling prime mover: fa factor 1.5 kosi 1.8 di dwuma na fa kɔ lead-carbon (LLC, 300–1,000Ah, cycle nkwa mmɔho anan kosi anum wɔ PSoC) anaa LiFePO4 (SDA10, continuous 1C discharge). Wɔ 50% ase no, beae no yɛ off-grid yiye: ne kɛse ma kyinhyia a edi mũ biako da biara a wɔde nnansa ahofadi denam wim tebea a mununkum wom so, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛkɔ tẽẽ akɔ owia ahoɔden afrafra nhyehyɛe so — batere a wode bɛka ho nkutoo nyɛ sikasɛm.

Gyinaesi Dua a Wɔde Paw Nneɛma

Fa nhwehwɛmu no tiawa ma ɛnyɛ anammɔn anan a beae ho mfiridwumayɛfo betumi adi akyi. Anamɔn a edi kan, grid a ɛwɔ hɔ: ɛboro 95%, fa standard 12V front-terminal series (6-FMX, 50–200Ah, mfe dumien design nkwa) wɔ ɛka a ɛba fam koraa; 80% kosi 95%, fa deep-cycle (FTC) anaa gel (6-XFMJ, mfeɛ dunum nhyehyɛɛ nkwa, ɛgyina ɔhyew ano a nsuo a ɛyera sua); 50% kosi 80%, fa kɔbere-carbon (LLC, mfe aduonu nhyehyɛe nkwa, 30% yegye charge gye ma enti anohyeto charging window no di dwuma ankasa); ase 50%, kɔ solar hybrid so na fa battery no kɛse ma da biara da sakre so. Anamɔn a ɛto so abien, charge window: baabi a grid a ɛwɔ hɔ no nnu nnɔnhwerew asia da biara, charge acceptance di tumi, na lead-carbon anaa lithium boro AGM a wɔtaa de di dwuma no so. Anamɔn abiɛsa, ɔhyew a atwa yɛn ho ahyia: ɛboro 45°C daa, pɛ kɔbere-carbon anaasɛ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro ntoatoaso; baabi a wɔhwɛ ɔhyew so no, wobetumi de lithium volume advantage adi dwuma. Anamɔn anan, nkwa a aka: beae a aka wɔ mfe anum a wɔde ahyɛ mu no nhia mfe aduonu mfiridwuma — fa ɔkwan a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw sen biara a ɛne mmara hyia ma bere a aka no. Wɔ anammɔn anan akyi no, akyinnyegye kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ.

Nneɛma Anum a Ɛyɛ Ahyɛde wɔ Nkyerɛkyerɛmu no mu

Wɔ weak-grid duty mu no ɛsɛ sɛ specification no ka duty no, ɛnyɛ tumi no nko. Nneɛma anum yɛ ahyɛde, na sɛ woyi biara fi mu a, ɛma wosan kɔ asram dunwɔtwe huammɔdi kyinhyia no mu. Nea edi kan no, grid a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem, a wɔaka amanneɛbɔ bere no ho asɛm — ɔsram biara anaa afe biara, efisɛ abien no ma akontaabu soronko koraa — na saa ade yi nkutoo na esi gyinae sɛ ebia battery no bɛsensɛn anaasɛ ɛbɛkyinkyin. Nea ɛto so abien, bere tenten a ɛware sen biara a wɔde twa adwuma pɛnkoro ne sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, twa da biara, a wɔaka no soronko: nea edi kan no kyerɛ tumi, nea ɛto so abien no kyerɛ kyinhyia nkwa, na nkyerɛkyerɛmu dodow no ara kyere nea edi kan no nkutoo. Nea ɛto so abiɛsa, mfɛnsere a ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔde gye sika da biara, a ɛde ahwehwɛde a ɛfa sika a wogye tom no si hɔ; wɔ nnɔnhwerew asia akyi no, ɛyɛ ahyɛde sɛ wɔde mfiridwuma a ɛma batere no ba ntɛmntɛm anaasɛ batere no ntumi nnya ahoɔden a edi mũ da. Nea ɛto so anan, beae no hyew dodow, a wɔaka sɛ ɛyɛ kabinet mu mmom sen abɔnten, a awɔw bere mu ɔhyew a ɛsen biara, efisɛ kabinet mu taa tu mmirika bɛboro 10°C wɔ baabi a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no. Nea ɛto so anum, botae service life ne site lease a aka, enti site a aka mfe abiɛsa lease no, wɔmfa mfe aduonu battery nhyɛ mu — ɛno nyɛ anifere, ɛyɛ waste. Bere a wɔaka anum yi awie no, wɔn a wɔrebɔ ka no ntumi mfa wɔn ho nhintaw kasamu biako akyi bio bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew anan a wɔde bɛbɔ wɔn ho ban, na nhwehwɛmu wɔ nnyinaso a wɔde toto ho. Nnwuma pii di nkogu ɛnyɛ esiane sɛ wɔpaw ade a ɛnteɛ nti na mmom esiane sɛ wɔankyerɛ tow a wɔbɛbɔ da nti, enti wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma no faa asɛm kae tiaa adwene a eye sen biara bere a na adwumayɛfo no dii beae no so wɔ nokwasɛm a ɛnyɛ papa koraa ase no. View Telecom Backup Power Selection